遥感与GIS支持下的崇明东滩迁徙鸟类生境适宜性分析

崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区位于长江入海口,是国际迁徙鸟类重要的栖息地.受自然和社会因素影响,该地区鸟类栖息环境正处于快速变化.研究采用面向对象的图像分割方法提取鸟类生境适宜性多边形评价单元,根据近年来野外调查数据分析了影响迁徙鸟类生存的地类、植被、潮沟、底栖生物等关键环境因素,建立了鸟类与关键环境影响因素的定性定量关系.在此基础上利用GIS空间分析方法和技术,进行了崇明东滩鸟类保护区内主要四大鸟类种群雁鸭类、鸻鹬类、鹭类以及鸥类的生境适宜性分析.结果表明:(1)崇明东滩迁徙鸟类生境较适宜的面积占保护区总面积40%左右;(2)光滩区域、与光滩邻近的海三棱藨草带以及潮沟地带是鸟类生境适宜性较好的地理区域;(3)基于面向对象的遥感分析技术和GIS空间分析技术,能有效且简便地对生态环境处于快速动态变化中的物种生境适宜性进行快速、客观准确的分析评价,其结果可为崇明东滩鸟类种群及其生存环境规划、保护和管理提供基础科学依据.

A GIS and remote sensing-based analysis of migratory bird habitat suitability for Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, Shanghai

Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve is located in the mouth of the Yangtze Estuary and is an important habitat for international migratory birds. The bird habitats in this region are undergoing rapid changes as a result of natural factors and human activities. In this study, current field surveys on land use, vegetation, creek and benthos presence, etc. for the nature reserve, allowed the key factors for the bird habitats to be recognized, and the qualitative and quantitative relationships between bird populations and these key environmental factors to be established. Based on a polygon assessment unit extracted by an object-oriented image method, the habitat suitability for 4 main types of birds: Anatidae, Charadriidae, Ardeidae, Laridae was analyzed and assessed, in conjunction with Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems. The results showed that (1) the total area of suitable habitats for birds in the nature reserve was about 40 percent; (2) the Scirpus mariqueter zone, mudflat zone and creek zone were the most suitable habitats for the birds; and (3) this study indicated the potential for this simple approach to evaluate objectively and effectively the species habitat suitability in a rapidly changing environment. The results from this study could provide valuable insights into biodiversity conservation and environmental planning, and wetland conservation and management for Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve.