哈尼梯田区不同旅游模式村寨土地利用变化对生态系统服务与人类福利的影响

区域旅游开发是驱动土地利用变化(LUCC)并影响生态系统服务及人类福利的重要因素。以红河哈尼梯田世界遗产区不同旅游发展模式的黄草岭村(观光和接待)和胜村(接待)为研究对象,解译获得两村2009年和2017年LUCC图并进行变化分析,再运用替代成本、市场价值和影子工程等定量方法评估两村生态系统服务价值及其变化。结果表明:(1)黄草岭村和胜村LUCC动态度分别为14.83%和5.64%,其中变化最大的建设用地在两村分别增加39.18%和23.68%。(2)黄草岭村因发展梯田观光旅游和林地面积的增加使其生态系统服务价值增长1520.77万元,而胜村则因耕地和林地面积的增加而增长374.93万元,其中林地价值最高。(3)单项生态系统服务价值中,黄草岭村因发展旅游其休闲娱乐价值增幅最大,为1249%,而胜村却没有增加,说明旅游发展模式对两村生态系统服务价值的增加影响较大。(4)黄草岭村和胜村的生态系统服务价值增加速率分别为1.5倍和1倍,旅游服务收入增加速率分别为18.7倍和4.1倍,单位土地面积的村民福利分别增加23.79万元hm~(-2) a~(-1)和4.90万元hm~(-2) a~(-1),说明多样的旅游服务能更好地提高人类福利,为政府发展遗产旅游与制定生态系统补偿标准提供科学支撑。

Impacts of village land use change on ecosystem services and human well-being under different tourism models in Hani Rice Terrace

Tourism development is an important factor driving land use change (LUCC), affecting ecosystem services and human welfare. This paper selected Huangcaoling Village with tourism and reception functions and Sheng Village with reception function as the research objects in the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces, and they had different tourism development models. According to the classification standards and evaluation methods of ecosystem services, we used the quantitative methods such as substitution cost, market value and shadow engineering to assess and compare the ecosystem service value by combining land use change of two villages from 2009 to 2017. The results showed that (1) the LUCC dynamic index of Huangcaoling Village and Sheng Village was 14.83% and 5.64%, respectively, and the construction land changed the most by increasing 39.18% and 23.68%. (2) Huangcaoling Village''s ecosystem service value increased by 15.21 million yuan due to the development of terrace tourism and the increase of forest land area. Sheng Village''s ecosystem service value increased 3.75 million yuan due to the increase of farmland and forest land. The ecosystem service value of forest land was the highest. (3) As for the value of individual ecosystem service, Huangcaoling Village had the largest growth rate of recreational value due to development of tourism, which was 1249%, while Sheng Village did not increase, indicating that the tourism model had a greater impact on the ecosystem services value in the two villages. (4) The increase rate of ecosystem service value in Huangcaoling Village and Sheng Village was 1.5 times and 1 time, respectively. The increase rate of tourism service income was 18.7 times and 4.1 times, respectively. The welfare of villagers per unit land area was increased by 23.79×10⁴ hm^-2 a^-1 and 4.90×10⁴ hm^-2 a^-1, which showed that the diversified tourism services could improve human welfare, also provided data support for the government to develop heritage tourism and make ecological compensation standards.