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燕麦属不同倍性种质资源抗旱性状评价及筛选
引用本文:彭远英,颜红海,郭来春,任长忠.燕麦属不同倍性种质资源抗旱性状评价及筛选[J].生态学报,2011,31(9):2478-2491.
作者姓名:彭远英  颜红海  郭来春  任长忠
作者单位:1. 四川农业大学小麦研究所,四川成都,611130
2. 白城市农业科学院,吉林白城,137000
基金项目:现代农业燕麦产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-14); 四川省教育厅青年基金资助项目(092B052)
摘    要:盆栽控水试验测定了燕麦属13个二倍体、7个四倍体和5个六倍体物种共106份材料的主要抗旱性状表现,用GGEbiplot软件的主成分分析法比较了各性状之间的关系及其对抗旱鉴定的贡献,综合评价燕麦属野生资源在燕麦抗旱育种中的潜能和利用价值。结果表明,干旱处理后植株的死亡率和萎蔫程度与可溶性糖含量的增加幅度呈显著正相关关系(r>0.5, P<0.05),而胁迫后植株的丙二醛(MDA)含量和植株相对电导率与抗旱能力也明显相关(r>0.5, P<0.01)。综合考虑抗旱的相关形态和生理指标,筛选到二倍体Avena atlanticaA. wiestii A. strigosa,四倍体种A. murphyi,以及六倍体栽培燕麦A. sativa和普通野燕麦A. fatua的部分居群具有优良的综合抗旱性。基于A. wiestii,A. strigosaA. murphyi与栽培燕麦较近的亲缘关系,其抗旱性可通过远缘杂交的方式在普通燕麦育种中加以利用。而对于具有明显抗旱优势的野生二倍体材料A. atlantica,则可通过克隆其抗旱基因进而遗传转化的方法将其应用于栽培燕麦的抗旱性改良。同时该研究表明燕麦的抗旱性不具有种属和分布区域的特异性,因此其抗旱性并非简单的由基因或环境决定,在确定抗旱材料时需要对个体进行全面的抗旱性评价和鉴定,以期在利用抗旱材料或通过克隆抗旱基因来改善干旱地区生态环境的实践中能更准确和有效。

关 键 词:燕麦属  种质资源  干旱胁迫  GGE双标图  抗旱育种
收稿时间:2010/10/30 0:00:00
修稿时间:2011/1/24 0:00:00

Evaluation and selectionon drought-resistance of germplasm resources of Avena species with different types of ploidy
PENG Yuanying,YAN Honghai,GUO Laichun and REN Changzhong.Evaluation and selectionon drought-resistance of germplasm resources of Avena species with different types of ploidy[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(9):2478-2491.
Authors:PENG Yuanying  YAN Honghai  GUO Laichun and REN Changzhong
Institution:Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130,China;Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130,China;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciencey, Baicheng 137000, China;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciencey, Baicheng 137000, China
Abstract:Drought is one of the most limiting factors in oat production worldwide. It is important to utilize the genetic resources of wild oat and its relatives for the improvement of drought resistance of cultivated oat. This study characterized and evaluated the drought-resistant traits of a selected set of germplasm accessions representing various Avena species with different types of ploidy, and selected the wild germplasm of oat species for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in oat. A pot experiment was used to subject 106 oat accessions, 13 diploid species, 7 tetraploid species and 5 hexaploid species of genus Avena, to water stresses to determine the drought-resistance based on relative electric conductivity, soluble carbohydrate content and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, etc. The correlation coefficients between different drought resistance characters and their contribution to drought resistance were analyzed using principal component analysis, and then comprehensive evaluation was conducted to reveal the potential and utilization value of the oat wild species for drought resistance improvement. At the first rewatering stage after 10 d drought stress, only 4 of the 106 accessions were entirely withered, and about 70% of those accessions could be recovered in various degrees after the three times of drought stress and rewatering treatments. The results indicated that there was an increase in the relative electric conductivity, MDA content and soluble carbohydrate content measured at different stages of drought stress. The survival rates and growth indicators of the accessions were significantly correlated with the extent of the increase in soluble carbohydrate content under drought stress, while MDA content and relative electric conductivity were closely related to their drought-resistant ability. Integrated evaluation of morphological and physiological characters under drought stress revealed that some accessions of diploid Avena species, A. atlantica, A. wiestii and A. strigosa, tetraploid species A. murphyi, cultivated and wild hexaploid species A. sativa and A. fatua can be excellent germplasm resources for drought resistance improvement in oat. The drought-resistance of A. wiestii, A. strigosa and A. murphyi could be utilized by distant hybridization with cultivated oat due to their close relationship, while that of A. atlantica, which had not been used as a donor of cultivated oat, could be transferred by cloning the drought-resistant gene and transferring it to cultivated oat. The drought-resistance of Avena species is not simply decided by genes or environment, since there was no relationship between drought resistance and species or the origin of the lines. Therefore, overall evaluation should be carried out to select the drought-resistant accessions, and to use these accessions in the genetic improvement of oat for drought resistance.
Keywords:Avena L    germplasm resources  drought resistance  GGE biplot  genetic improvement
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