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食物链长度远因与近因研究进展综述
引用本文:王玉玉,徐军,雷光春.食物链长度远因与近因研究进展综述[J].生态学报,2013,33(19):5990-5996.
作者姓名:王玉玉  徐军  雷光春
作者单位:北京林业大学, 自然保护区学院, 北京 10083;中国科学院水生生物研究所, 东湖湖泊生态系统试验站, 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室, 武汉 430072;北京林业大学, 自然保护区学院, 北京 10083
基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(BLX2012023);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41301077,31170439)
摘    要:食物链长度是生态系统的基本属性,其变化决定着群落结构和生态系统功能。稳定同位素分析技术的进步推进了生态系统中食物链长度决定因子相关研究的开展。尽管近期的研究证明了食物链长度与资源可利用性、生态系统大小、干扰等远因之间的关系,但是对于食物网内部结构变化这一近因对食物链长度的影响作用关注较少。综述了边界明确和开放类型淡水生态系统中食物链长度的相关研究进展;探讨了远因和近因机制在决定食物链长度中的作用;给出了判断不同层次和尺度上决定食物链长度机制的概念框架;为今后更好的开展不同生态系统间食物链长度的比较研究提出了建议。

关 键 词:食物链长度  资源可利用性  生态系统大小  干扰  食物网结构  远因和近因机制
收稿时间:6/6/2013 12:00:00 AM
修稿时间:2013/7/18 0:00:00

Proximate and ultimate determinants of food chain length
WANG Yuyu,XU Jun and LEI Guangchun.Proximate and ultimate determinants of food chain length[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(19):5990-5996.
Authors:WANG Yuyu  XU Jun and LEI Guangchun
Institution:School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
Abstract:Food chain length has been recognized as an important ecosystem characteristic and a fundamental ecosystem attribute: it influences community structure, ecosystem functions and bioaccumulation of contaminants in top predators. Previous studies have shown that food chain length varies greatly among systems. Defining the determinants of food chain length has been a primary research focus for food web ecologists, and has contributed to ecological theories. Three main hypotheses, i.e. resource availability, ecosystem size, and the disturbance hypothesis, which argues that the stability of local dynamics and the level of disturbance contribute to food chain length have been extensively examined. However, much less attention has been paid to proximate changes in food web structure that link variation in food-chain length to the ultimate dynamic mechanism. Proximate mechanisms could cause variation in food-chain length by either: additive mechanism, through addition or removal of top predators; insertion mechanism, through addition or removal of intermediate predators; omnivory mechanisms, changes in the degree of trophic omnivory by the top predator. Recent advances in stable isotope analysis have rekindled interest in examining factors that determine food chain length in ecological communities. In this paper, we reviewed recent studies from close and open freshwater systems to explore the factors that determine the relative importance of resource availability, disturbance and ecosystem size on food chain length, and how they may be affected by food web architecture. We then provided a framework to investigate how these hypotheses operating at different spatial scale. We explore the implications of these mechanisms for understanding how proximate changes in food-web structure link variation in food-chain length to the ultimate mechanism. Finally, we gave suggestions in applying the framework to consolidate the hypotheses across ecosystems in future studies.
Keywords:food-chain length  resource availability  ecosystem size  disturbance  food web structure  ultimate and proximate mechanism
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