小浪底水库运行对黄河鲤鱼栖息地的影响

通过历史文献和实地生态调查,了解黄河鲤鱼生态习性及与径流组分响应关系,在此基础上,通过分析水库对径流组分影响,建立栖息地模拟模型,研究小浪底水库运行对黄河鲤鱼生存繁衍的影响。研究表明:(1)径流的流量组分与黄河鲤鱼的生态习性有密切的相关关系,小浪底水库的运行显著改变了流量脉冲、小洪水及大洪水,流量脉冲消失或减少使得黄河鲤鱼产卵缺乏足够的产卵栖息地;小洪水减少使黄河鲤鱼的食物来源和栖息地减少;漫滩洪水减少和消失使黄河鲤鱼失去从河滩地获得食物和栖息地机会。(2)通过建立River2D模型,得到了不同流量下黄河鲤鱼在不同生命阶段栖息地面积的变化情况,研究表明,建库后大于1400m3/s流量的显著减少,影响了黄河鲤鱼的产卵;建库后花园口低限流量变化不明显,建库对成鱼和幼鱼生存的影响不大。

The impact of Xiaolangdi Dam operation on the habitat of Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel)

This paper defines the habitat and flow requirements of the Yellow River Carp (Cyprinus (Cyprinus) carpio haematopterus Temminck et Schlegel) through reference to historical information and field ecological surveys. The impact of the Xiaolangdi reservoir operation on the ability of Yellow River Carp to survive and multiply was then determined by analyzing the impact of the reservoir on critical flow components using a habitat simulation model. The study showed that: (1) the flow components have a close correlation with the ecological habitat requirements of the Yellow River Carp. The operation of Xiaolangdi Dam significantly altered the pattern of flow pulses, small floods and large floods. Elimination or reduction in the frequency of flow pulses compromises the availability of spawning habitat for the Yellow River Carp. Declining frequency of small floods reduces the availability of food sources and rearing habitat for the Yellow River Carp. Elimination of floodplain inundation events causes loss of access to food and habitat opportunities on the floodplain. (2) Through the establishment of a River2D model, the area of habitat required by the Yellow River Carp was determined for the range of flows relevant to the important life stages. The study showed that following construction of Xiaolangdi Dam, flows exceeding 1400 m3/s were significantly reduced in frequency and duration, which had a negative effect on Yellow River carp eggs. The pattern of low flows did not change significantly after Xiaolangdi Dam construction, but this range of flows was found to be less important in terms of habitat provision for juvenile and adult fish compared to flow pulses and floods.