紫胶林-农田复合生态系统甲虫群落多样性

在云南绿春县牛孔乡采用网扫法调查了紫胶林-农田复合生态系统(LPFE)中稻田(Ⅰ)、旱地(Ⅱ)、天然紫胶林(Ⅲ)、人工紫胶林(Ⅳ)的甲虫群落.采集标本3569号,隶属26科358种;象甲科种类最丰富,占全部种类的17.0%;瓢虫科数量最丰富,占个体总数的22.9%.虎甲科、隐翅甲科等物种数和个体数量在Ⅰ～Ⅳ中的分布没有明显差异;而叩甲科、粗角叩甲科、朽木甲科、伪叶甲科、瓢虫科、天牛科、负泥虫科、叶甲科和象甲科等有明显差异.LPFE、Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ甲虫物种多度分布符合对数级数模型,Ⅱ符合分割线段模型.Ⅰ～Ⅳ的甲虫多样性为:Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ.指出了栖息于植物上的甲虫群落能度量不同土地利用生境的区别,不同类群的甲虫对于生境的指示作用不同:叩甲等可以指示农田和林地的差异,而朽木甲、天牛、叶甲和象甲可以用于指示天然林和人工林生境的区别.LPFE具有区域内土地利用方式多样化的特点,对维持甲虫的多样性水平具有积极作用.Ⅲ在当地生物多样性保护中具有重要作用,Ⅱ在系统中具有很低的多样性.

Diversity of beetle assemblages in lac\|plantation\|farmland ecosystem

Beetle assemblages were investigated by sweep netting in paddy field (Ⅰ), dry land (Ⅱ), natural forest (Ⅲ), and plantation forest (Ⅳ) in lac-plantation-farmland ecosystem (LPFE) in Lvchun County, Yunnan Province. A total of 3569 beetles were captured, belonging to 358 species, 21 families. Among those beetles, Curculionidae has most species, comprising 17.0% of the total number, and Coccinellidae has most individuals, comprising 22.9%. For Cicindelidae, Staphylinidae, Meloidae, Nitidulidae, Lathridiidae, Cryptophagidae, Scarabaeidae, Bostrychidae, Hispidae and Scolytidae, the difference between both species and individual in Ⅰ-Ⅳ was not significant, while it was significant for Elateridae, Throscidae, Alleculidae, Lagriidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Crioceridae, Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae. The Log-series model could well fit to the species-abundance distribution of beetle assemblages in LPFE, Ⅰ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and Broken-stick model could well fit to that in Ⅱ. The diversity at the species level in Ⅰ-Ⅳ was in the order: Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ=Ⅰ, while it was Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ, at the family level. If the results from the species- abundance were considered, it was Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ. It was suggested that the difference between the different land-use habitats could be indicated by using plant-inhabiting beetle assemblages. Different kinds of beetle had different role in the indication, the difference between farm-land and forest could be indicated by Elateridae, Throscidae, etc. The difference between natural forest and plantation forest could be indicated by Alleculidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae, and the habitat change could be found through the long time monitor to them. The land-use in LPFE was different and diverse, and it played an active role in maintaining the beetle diversity. Especially, natural forest was more important for the local biodiversity conservation, while the diversity in dry land was lower, and how to change it during the land utilization, is need to consider for managers.