矿山废弃地生态重建研究进展

提出了今后需要加强研究的几个问题 :(1)加强干旱半干旱地区矿山废弃地生态重建的理论与实践研究 ;(2 )筛选与培育耐重金属污染和超富集重金属的植物物种 ;(3)加强西部矿山废弃地共性问题的研究与探讨 ,即如何根据植物与土壤的关系将矿业废弃地划分为不同的类型 ,并在此基础上研究不同类型的废弃地与植物的相互关系 ,进而探讨出必要的人工辅助措施 ,这将是今后矿山废弃地生态重建机制研究的重点。

Ecological restoration of mining wasteland in both China and abroad:an over review

Mining wasteland is an inevitable byproduct because of strong land turnover,with a great mass of soils being squandered away and yielding ecological environmental crisis.The restoration of mining wasteland plays a crucial role in ecological environmental protection and social sustainable developemnt.However,before 1980,such problems had never been taken for consideration in the developing or under developing countries.In China,such eco-environmental crisis had not been seriously considered until 1995.Advances in ecological reconstruction researches of mining wasteland associate with the development of Restoration Ecology are reviewed in this paper.The authors concluded that the ecological reconstruction of mining wasteland has driven the development of subject of Restoration Ecology,e.g.,the development of Restoration Ecology was mainly due to the researches in the reconstruction of mining wasteland.For the restoration of mining wasteland,the limiting factors for revegetation can be sorted as:disturbing of soil surface,limiting substance for plant growth,lacking nutrition and decreasing in biodiversity.It is unable and unnecessary indeed to reconstruct the former ecosystem,howeveri,it is essential to rebuild certain plant community structures and realize ecological functions of the wasteland through the process of restoration.Towards this,approaches for mining wasteland revegetation are:covering the wasteland with appropiate soil,physical or chemical treatment,adding more untrient matters,wiping of baneful substance,adding more species.In the past decades,it has been tested successful in the restoration of mining wasteland by utilizing those multi-methods.Researches in mining wasteland in China have been mainly foucsed on the reclamation of soils,phytoremediafion,nutrienting the soil and succession of plant community especially.Such kind of the investigations were conducted extensively in the middle or east China,with a few cases being noted in arid and semi-arid regions.There is nearly 40,000 km~2 wasteland in China,with a rate of 330 km~2/a.More seriously,the environmental crisis in arid and semi-arid is taken little attention.Based on all-around analysis,the following problems are suggested for further research by us:(1)studies on the restoration of mining wasteland in the semi-arid region from both academic and practical point of views;(2)screening out the heavy metal tolerant by seeking more enrchment plant species;(3)studies on mutual problems of mining wasteland in west China regions.At last,the mining wasteland should be investigated and classified carefully basd on the study of plant-soil relationship.