半干旱区农田土壤无机氮积累与迁移机理

研究黄土旱塬区长期定位试验中 1 0个典型处理土壤剖面 (0～ 30 0 cm)水分和无机氮的季节变化 ,探讨在半干旱区农田无机氮的积累与迁移机理。结果表明休闲处理除表层外土壤剖面的水分、硝态氮和铵态氮的含量分别稳定在 1 7%～ 2 0 %、4～ 7mg N/kg和 6～ 1 0 mg N/kg土的范围。种植作物显著地改变土壤剖面水分和硝态氮的分布状况 ,并使其含量发生大幅度的季节变化。作物利用限制了农田土壤硝态氮向深层的迁移。小麦连作无化肥氮处理及苜蓿连作不施肥或氮、磷加有机肥处理土壤硝态氮主要集中在 0～ 40 cm土层。小麦连作单施氮肥 (1 2 0 kg N/(hm2· a) )处理经 1 7年后土壤剖面硝态氮积累总量达到施氮总量的55% ,40～ 60 cm和 1 4 0～ 2 2 0 cm土层出现两个高峰 ,并表现出随季节性变化向土壤深层迁移的趋势。氮肥与磷肥或有机肥施用大幅度减少了土壤剖面硝态氮积累 ,并使其限制在 1 60 cm以上的土层内 ,2 0 0 cm以下土层的硝态氮含量极低 (<1 mg N/kg土 ) ,因而不具向深层迁移的条件。土壤剖面的铵态氮含量不受作物、施肥和季节性气候变化的影响

Mechanisms in the accumulation and movement of mineral N in soil profiles of farming land in a semi-arid region

Large accumulation of mineral nitrogen (N) in agric ultural eco systems is concerned to have potential risks to environment. This s tudy was aimed toward better understanding on the mechanisms in the accumulation and movement of mineral N in cropping soils in semi arid regions, based on a l ong term field experiment established in 1984 to monitor semi arid agro syste ms in the Loess Plateau. The annual means of rainfalls at the experimental site were 580 mm (about 70% received between July and Oct.) an...