碳排放影响下的中国省域土地利用效率差异动态变化与影响因素

土地利用效率是衡量区域经济社会系统运行质量的重要参数。在构建了考虑非期望产出的土地利用效率评价指标体系基础之上,综合运用Super SBM-undesirable DEA和多元统计等研究方法,分析了2003—2016年碳排放影响下的中国省域土地利用效率的时空特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明:中国区域土地利用效率处于中低水平,碳排放非期望产出降低了15%的土地利用效率水平;与全国发展水平空间格局一致,土地利用效率省际差异在空间上呈现出自东向西逐渐递减的分异特征;2003—2016年,土地利用效率演化呈现出"U"型演进特征,区域差异呈现收敛态势;不考虑非期望产出的土地利用效率水平呈现下降态势;非期望产出和能源消费投入过大成为土地利用效率提升的主要限制因素。经济发展水平、对外开放程度以及固定资产投资对土地利用效率的提升起到了显著的正向作用;现阶段城镇化水平的增加对土地利用效率的提升具有微弱促进作用,且仅在东部地区具有显著性。基于松弛变量冗余度和影响因素分析,针对不同区域土地利用效率低效的差异性因素,提出了相应的对策措施。

Dynamic change and driving factors of land use efficiency differences affected by carbon emissions at the provincial level in China

Land use efficiency (LUE) is an important parameter reflecting the operation quality of regional economic and social system. Based on the evaluation index system of LUE considering undesirable output, this paper attempts to evaluate Land use efficiency in China based on the Super SBM-undesirable DEA model considering undesirable output and explores the influence factors of LUE in China during the period 2003-2016. The empirical results show that during the research period, most provinces in China are not performing efficiently. Additionally, the overall average level of China''s LUE is at a medium or low level, and the carbon emission output reduces the level of LUE by 15%. Consistent with the spatial pattern of the national economic development level, the inter-provincial difference of LUE demonstrates a declining trend from eastern to western China. From 2003 to 2016, the evolution of the level of LUE demonstrates a "U" evolution feature, and the level of LUE without considering undesirable output presents a declining trend. Undesirable output and excessive energy consumption input become the main limiting factors for improvement of LUE. The level of economic development, the degree of opening-up, and the fixed assets investment have significant positive effects on LUE. At present, the increase of urbanization level has a weak promoting effect on improvement of LUE, which is only significant in the Eastern China. Based on the redundancy of slack variables and the analysis of influencing factors, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures against the different factors of LUE and low efficiency in different regions.