国家公园生态保护补偿的政策框架及其关键技术

生态保护补偿机制是构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系的重要制度保障。从补偿主体、资金来源、补偿机制等3个方面对国外自然保护地生态保护补偿的实践和经验进行了总结与分析。在此基础上,根据我国对国家公园生态保护补偿的要求,从生态系统服务空间流动的角度探讨了国家公园生态保护补偿的必要性,分析了其事权与补偿的关系;从对生态系统补偿和对人类行为补偿两个角度明确了国家公园生态保护补偿的内涵,在此基础上提出了其保护补偿的政策框架,并从识别补偿的主体、构建补偿的方式、确定补偿的标准、拓展融资的渠道等方面构建了国家公园生态保护补偿的4个关键技术,以期为我国国家公园生态保护补偿机制的建立提供科学支撑。

Policy framework and key technologies of ecological protection compensation to national park

The Chinese leadership has formally proposed that the national park system should initiate an institutional change in conservation management by reforming the governance system and management mechanism. The principle of "ecological protection first and public welfare a priority" indicates that both biodiversity and ecosystem services are essential. The compensation mechanism of ecological protection is an important institutional guarantee for the construction of national parks as the main body of the protected area system. Firstly, this paper summarizes and analyzes the practice and experience of ecological protection compensation for foreign natural conservation areas from three perspectives:compensation subject, funding source, and compensation mechanism. Secondly, according to the requirement of national park ecological protection compensation in our country, this paper discusses the necessity for ecological protection compensation of national parks from the perspective of ecosystem services flow and consumption and analyzes the relationship between its power and compensation. On this basis, from the two aspects of compensation for ecosystems and compensation for human behavior, the connotation of national park ecological protection compensation is clarified, and the policy framework of protection compensation of national parks have been proposed. Finally, this paper constructs four key technologies for ecological protection compensation in national parks, which identify the main body of compensation, construct the method of compensation, determine the standard of compensation, and expand the channels of financing. The results show that it is important to explore the establishment of ecological protection compensation funds in the pilot area of the national park system, pay attention to the "Blood making type" compensation method based on the green industry development support, and actively explore the horizontal compensation model upstream and downstream of the national park basin, to provide scientific support for the establishment of national park ecological protection compensation mechanisms in China.