同域分布红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉在不同空间尺度下的生境分化

生境分化是群落物种缓解种间竞争压力,实现同域稳定共存的重要途径,是群落生态学领域的重要研究内容。同域动物的生境分化是空间尺度依赖的生态过程,从不同空间尺度分层研究物种的生境分化,对于全面了解同域动物的共存模式和机制,以及实现多物种整合保护都具有重要意义。2018年1月至8月,在四川白水河国家级自然保护区对同域分布的红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和红腹角雉(Tragopan temmminckii)进行了野外调查,基于MaxEnt模型和样方法,从宏生境和微生境两个空间尺度对其生境分化进行了研究。结果显示:1)在宏生境尺度,两种雉类的适宜宏生境重叠面积达44.59 km~2,分别占红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉适宜宏生境面积的58.73%和44.3%,表明二者在宏生境尺度上没有发生明显的种间分化;2)微生境尺度是两种雉类生境分化的关键尺度,海拔、坡位、最近水源距离和乔木层盖度4个特征上的显著差异,使二者的微生境发生显著的种间分化;3)虽然在不同空间尺度下具有不同的分化程度和方式,但两种雉类在海拔适应性、人为干扰耐受性以及对水源的依赖性上的差异在两个尺度下表现出了一定的一致性。此外,基于二者生境需求的异同,提出了控制人为干扰、加强宣传教育、维持自然植被多样性和镶嵌格局等针对该区域雉类物种共同保护的建议。

Habitat partitioning between sympatric Golden Pheasant and Temminck's Tragopan at different spatial scales

Habitat partitioning is an important approach by sympatric species to reduce interspecific competition intensity and achieve stable coexistence, and thus, has been of interest to community ecologists for many decades. Habitat partitioning between sympatric species is a spatial scale dependent ecological process. Studying interspecific habitat partitioning at different spatial scales is of great significance for understanding the coexistence mechanism comprehensively and improving multi-species joint conservation efforts. From January to August 2018, we conducted field surveys of Golden Pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) and Temminck''s Tragopan (Tragopan temmminckii) in Baishuihe National Nature Reserve, in Sichuan Province. Using MaxEnt modelling and quadrat sampling methods, we studied habitat partitioning between the two Phasianidae species at two spatial scales-macrohabitat and microhabitat. The results showed that:(1) At the macrohabitat scale, the overlap area of suitable macrohabitat is 44.59 km², accounting for 58.73% and 44.3% of the macrohabitat area of Golden Pheasant and Temminck''s Tragopan, respectively. This spatial distribution pattern indicated that there was no distinct interspecific partitioning between the two species'' macrohabitats; (2) Microhabitat is a key scale for habitat partitioning between the two species. Four microhabitat characteristics, including altitude, slope position, distance to the nearest water resource, and tree coverage, varied significantly between species, leading to significant interspecific partitioning of microhabitats; (3) Although the two species showed different degrees and patterns of habitat partitioning at different spatial scales, they maintained consistency in altitude adaptability, tolerance to human disturbance, and dependence on water resources, across the scales. In addition, for multi-Phasianidae-species joint conservation efforts in this area, we made suggestions based on the similarities and differences in habitat requirements of Golden Pheasant and Temminck''s Tragopan, such as controlling human disturbance, strengthening awareness and education, and maintaining natural vegetation diversity and their mosaic pattern.