可持续生态学

可持续生态学系用生态学原理和方法解决自然与社会经济协调发展问题,或者说生态学不断将人类及其社会经济活动纳入研究范畴而形成的自然科学与社会科学的交叉学科。40年来,我国在可持续生态学研究和实践领域取得了丰硕的成果,一是提出了"社会-经济-自然"复合生态系统理论;二是构建了适应中国国情的可持续发展评价指标体系;三是推进实施了国家可持续发展战略,并在不同时空尺度进行了试点示范;四是将可持续发展的区域生态安全格局和生态风险管理理论与方法应用于城市与区域发展规划中,并利用生态补偿机制推进跨域的生态安全格局建设;五是为国家生态文明建设规划纲要的出台提供了重要的科学支撑,有力地推进了生态文明建设战略的实施;六是系统地研究了全球气候变化对中国生态系统的影响,科学评估了气候变化的现状、趋势及其影响,提出了气候变化的生态适应对策;七是不断推进国家和地方层面的生态省、生态市、生态县建设,创建了不同层次和规模的可持续发展实验区、国家可持续发展议程创新示范区、生态农业试点示范县、生态工业示范园区等。本文从宏观生态学与可持续发展、生态城市与可持续发展、生态产业与可持续发展三个方面评述可持续性生态学的研究进展。可持续生态学的重点研究内容随着时代发展而不断更新,生态文明建设、生态安全格局构建、落实联合国2030可持续发展目标、应对全球环境变化、新型城市化和工业化对生态系统的影响等是当前和未来一段时间的研究热点。

The ecology of sustainability: Progress and prospect

The ecology of sustainability (or sustainability ecology) is an interdisciplinary discipline of natural science and social science, which is intended to harmonize nature and social development according to the principles and methods of ecology, or to incorporate humans and their social economic activities into the research framework of ecology. Great achievements have been made in research and applications of sustainability ecology over the past 40 years since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented in China. First, the theory of Social-Economic-Natural Complex Ecosystem (SENCE) was proposed. Second, an assessment index system of sustainable development was established based on national conditions of China. Third, the national strategy of sustainable development was implemented and pilot demonstrations in different temporal and spatial scales were carried out. Fourth, the theory and methods of regional ecological security pattern and regional ecological risk assessment of sustainable development were applied in urban and regional planning, and eco-compensation mechanism was built to promote the construction of ecological security pattern. Fifth, significant scientific support was provided for the formulation of guidelines and national planning of eco-civilization construction, which has promoted the implementation of eco-civilization construction strategy. Sixth, systematic research has been conducted on the impacts of global climate change on the ecosystems of China, and ecological adaptation options to climate change were proposed based on the scientific evaluation of the status, trends and impacts of climate change. Seventh, the construction of eco-province, eco-city and eco-county was strengthened at national and local levels, and sustainable communities, national sustainable development innovation demonstration zones, eco-agricultural demonstration counties, and eco-industrial parks were built at different levels and scales. Research progress in the ecology of sustainability was reviewed from three major aspects in this paper:macro-ecology and sustainable development, eco-city and sustainable development, and eco-industry and sustainable development. Along with time changes, priorities for the research of sustainability ecology will constantly be updated. Research focus in the near future will be the construction of eco-civilization, construction of eco-security pattern, implementation of the UN 2030 sustainable development goals, response and adaptation to global environmental change, and impacts of new-type urbanization and industrialization on the ecosystems.