鄂尔多斯市生态资产和生态系统生产总值评估

鄂尔多斯市属于生态环境脆弱区域,在大规模开发丰富能源资源的同时,生态环境保护也在不断加强,评估鄂尔多斯生态资产价值,是认识鄂尔多斯生态价值的关键。构建了生态资产、生态系统生产总值评估的理论框架和评估方法指标体系,基于鄂尔多斯市生态系统格局、质量数据,评估了鄂尔多斯市生态资产、生态系统生产总值。评估结果表明:(1)2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统质量等级以差、低、中为主,分别占比:50.74%、31.78%、6.17%,差、低、中等级的生态系统面积之和占比88.69%。(2)2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态资产指数为1998.19,其中生态资产指数最高的是鄂托克旗,生态资产指数为392.26,占比19.63%,其次是杭锦旗,生态资产指数为307.48,占比15.39%。2010—2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态资产指数总体呈上升趋势。其中,上升最为剧烈的区域是鄂托克前旗,生态资产指数上升92.72,占比19.38%,其次为乌审旗,生态资产指数上升91.04,占比19.03%。(3)2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统生产总值(GEP)为2481.71亿元,GEP约为2015年GDP总值的58.72%,鄂尔多斯市单位面积GEP为0.03亿元/km~2,人均GEP为12.14万元/人。2010—2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统生产总值从1975.50亿元增加至2481.71亿元,增加量占2010年GEP价值的比例为25.62%,上升趋势明显。(4)2010—2015年,鄂尔多斯市生态系统质量变化原因主要是GDP增长(P0.05),表明经济持续发展降低了当地人口对草地、森林的经济的依赖性。鄂尔多斯市生态资产指数上升的主要驱动因素气候因素降水的增加(P0.001)、人口密度的下降(P0.01),以及GDP的增加(P0.01)。鄂尔多斯间生态系统生产总值变化的主要驱动因素,包括城市扩张、农田开垦、退耕还林、草、湿、生态恢复、矿山开采、生态退化等。本研究根据鄂尔多斯市生态系统质量、生态资产、生态系统生产总值面临的问题,提出了生态保护建议与对策。

Assessment of ecological assets and gross ecosystem product value in Ordos City

Ordos is a fragile eco-environment area. While developing large-scale energy resources, ecological environment protection has also been continuously strengthened. Evaluating the value of Ordos ecological assets is the key to understanding the ecological value of Ordos.This study constructed a theoretical framework and evaluation method index system for the evaluation of ecological assets and ecosystem production values. Based on the ecosystem pattern and quality data in Ordos, we assessed the ecological assets and the total ecosystem production value of Ordos in this study.The assessment results showed that:(1) In 2015, the quality of the ecosystem in Ordos mainly consisted ofpoor, low, and medium-quality ecosystems, accounting for 50.74%, 31.78%, and 6.17%, respectively, and the sum of the areas of poor, low, and middle-level ecosystems accounted for 88.69%.(2) In 2015, Ordos''s ecological asset index was 1998.19, of which the highest ecological index was the Etuokeqi, the ecological asset index was 392.26, accounting for 19.63%, followed by Hangjinqi, for which the ecological asset index was 307.48, accounting for 15.39%. From 2010 to 2015, Ordos''s ecological asset indexes showed an overall upward trend. Among them, the most dramatic increase was in the Etuokeqianqi, where the ecological asset index increased by 92.72, accounting for 19.38%, followed by Wushenqi, for which the ecological asset index increased by 91.04, accounting for 19.03%.(3) In 2015, the Ordos''s gross ecosystem product (GEP) value was 248.171 billion yuan, GEP was approximately 58.72% of the 2015 GDP, the Ordos City''s GEP per unit area was 3 millionyuan/km², and the per capita GEP was 121400. yuan per person. From 2010 to 2015, the total ecosystem output of Ordos increased from 197.550 billion yuan to 248.171 billion yuan, and the proportion of increase in the GEP value relative to 2010 was 25.62%. The value of GEP increased significantly.(4) During the period from 2010 to 2015, the main reason for the change in ecosystem quality in Ordos City was GDP growth (P < 0.05). The results show that the sustainable economic development reduced the local population''s dependence on grassland and forest economy. The main drivers of the increase in the ecological asset index in Ordos were the increase in precipitation (P < 0.001), the decrease in population density (P < 0.01), and the increase in GDP (P < 0.01).The main drivers of the change in the total production value of ecosystems in Ordos, included urban expansion, farmland reclamation, returning farmland to forests, grasses, wetlands, ecological restoration, mining, and ecological degradation.This study proposed ecological protection recommendations and countermeasures based on the problems faced by Ordos''s ecosystem quality, ecological assets, and gross ecosystem product value.