生物多样性保护廊道构建方法研究进展

生物多样性保护廊道对遏制生态系统退化及生物多样性丧失,改善生态系统服务功能,消除生境破碎化对生物多样性的影响,恢复珍稀濒危物种的种群数量,维护自然生态系统平衡稳定具有极为重要的作用。在近20年(1997—2017)国内外生物多样性保护廊道的相关研究分析的基础上,对廊道的概念、构建理论及方法应用进行了系统总结与探讨,分析了廊道构建理论的发展过程及适用性,分类总结了现有的廊道构建方法和17种廊道构建模型工具。研究分析表明,廊道作为一种新的生物多样性保护模式,已成为目前国际生态领域研究的热点之一,随着对物种景观运动过程认识的加深,廊道构建理论逐渐趋于成熟,与之匹配的廊道构建方法及模型工具进展迅速。借助遥感与地理信息技术,大范围,高精度的获取廊道模拟数据,并集成综合模型实现目标物种廊道的构建、保护和管理是今后生物多样性保护廊道构建研究的发展方向。最后,对当前该领域的研究现状和不足展开讨论并展望了未来发展,为我国生物多样性保护廊道的应用与实践及国家生态廊道体系的建设完善提供借鉴与参考。

Research advances in design methods of biodiversity conservation corridors

Biodiversity conservation corridors can prevent ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss, improve ecosystem services, eliminate the effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity, and restore populations of rare and endangered species, which is fundamental in maintaining the balance and stability of natural ecosystems. Based on the related research and analysis of biodiversity protection corridors locally and abroad from the past 20 years (1997-2017), the definition, theory, and design methods of the corridors have been systematically summarized and discussed. The development and applicability of several existing corridor design theories were compared and analyzed and 17 different corridor design models have been classified and summarized. Research and analysis showed that corridors, as a new model of biodiversity conservation, have become an important topic in international ecological research. With the help of remote sensing and geographic information technology, large-scale, high-accuracy access to corridor simulation data, and the integration of models to construct corridors for target species, protection and management are the directions for the future development of biodiversity conservation corridors.