基于格网的伏牛山区土地利用变化对生态服务价值影响研究

以我国南水北调中线引水工程水源地所在的伏牛山区为例,测算、分析了1990—2015年土地利用变化和生态系统服务价值(ESV),在此基础上探究土地利用变化对ESV的影响。结果表明:(1)研究期间,伏牛山区建设用地大幅增加,耕地和草地大幅下降,耕地和建设用地相互均有较大规模转换。(2)林地是伏牛山区最主要的生态用地,调节服务和支持服务构成了伏牛山区ESV的主体;ESV高值区分布于伏牛山区中部高海拔林区,低值区分布于周围地势较平坦的耕地和建设用地区域;除林地、水域和未利用地ESV有小幅增加外,其他地类的ESV均快速减少,致使伏牛山区生态系统服务总价值减少。(3)ESV损失区域主要分布于各县的城镇边缘区以及栾川县的采矿区,可通过保护林地和水域、退耕还林、农居点整理、绿色矿山等土地调控政策提高生态服务价值。将土地利用变化图谱与ESV变化热点分析结合,可为从空间上研究土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响提供新的研究框架,为伏牛山区土地利用精准调控提供政策依据。

Effects of land use change on ecosystem service value in Funiu Mountain based upon a grid square

We studied the Funiu Mountain, which is the water source of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, as a case example to analyze the characteristics of land use change and ecosystem service value (ESV) from 1990 to 2015 and explore the impact of land use change on ESV. The results were as follows.(1)During the study period, the construction land increased greatly, the cultivated land and grassland decreased greatly, and its extensive replacement with construction and cultivated land has occurred.(2)Forest land was the main ecological land, and the regulation service and support services were the main structure of the ESV of Funiu Mountain. The ESV high-value areas were distributed in the middle high altitude forest areas, and ESV low-value areas were distributed in the surrounding flat areas, which were mainly composed of cultivated land and construction land. Except for the slight increase of the ESV in forestland, water land, and unused land, the ESV of other land types decreased rapidly, resulting in the decrease of the ESV.(3)The ESV loss areas were mainly distributed in urban fringe of each county and the mining area of Luanchuan. The ESV could be improved by protecting forest land and water areas, returning cultivated land to forest land, sorting out rural residential land, and building green mines. Combining land use change maps with ESV change hotspot analysis could provide a new research framework for spatially studying the impact of land use change on ecosystem service value. This result could provide the basis for policy for land regulation in Funiu Mountain.