都市生态旅游区土地利用碎片化对生态系统服务价值的影响——以武汉东湖生态旅游区为例

都市生态旅游区是都市生态系统重要的组成部分,聚焦其土地利用碎片化对区域生态系统服务价值的影响,有助于促进都市生态旅游区的保护与合理开发,维护都市生态系统服务的稳定。结合RS、GIS技术量化评估2000—2015年武汉东湖生态旅游区土地生态系统服务价值,并通过景观格局指数测定土地利用碎片化程度,进而理清土地利用和生态系统服务价值的时空演化趋势,最后剖析土地利用碎片化对生态系统服务价值的影响。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年,主要地类向建设用地转换量较大;土地景观明显碎片化趋势,斑块密度由1.67升至1.96,景观多样性指数则由1.59增至1.71。(2)15年间,土地生态系统整体及各项服务价值均呈逐年下降趋势,总价值减少6248.81万元,水域占总体服务价值的80%左右。(3)草地和耕地的面积变化与部分调节性和供给性功能的价值变化呈显著正相关,水域的面积变化对部分支持性和文化性功能的价值和总体价值的下降具有显著推动作用;区域景观斑块密度指数、景观多样性指数和林地、水域的破碎度指数变化与部分支持性和文化性功能的价值变化存在显著相关;水域的碎片化成为东湖观光游憩等文化性功能的价值及生态系统服务总价值下降的关键因素。

Impact of land use fragmentation on ecosystem service values in an urban ecotourism area: A case study of East Lake ecotourism area, Wuhan

Ecotourism is an important part of the urban ecosystem. Understanding the impact of land use fragmentation in urban ecotourism areas on regional ecosystem service values can help promote the protection and rational development of urban ecotourism areas and maintain the stability of urban ecosystem services. We quantitatively assessed the value of terrestrial ecosystem services in the East Lake ecotourism area of Wuhan, from 2000 to 2015, using RS and GIS technologies. We determined the degree of land use fragmentation from a landscape pattern index and then clarified the temporal and spatial trends of land use and ecosystem service values. Finally, we analyzed the impact of fragmentation on ecosystem services. The results showed that (1) from 2000 to 2015, the area of land converted to construction in the East Lake ecotourism area was relatively large and the landscape showed obvious fragmentation trends: patch density increased from 1.67 to 1.96, and the landscape diversity index increased from 1.59 to 1.71. (2) During the 15-year study period, the value of overall services and function services of land ecosystems declined year by year. The total value decreased by 62.4881 million yuan, but the order of the value of various service functions remained stable; the top three functions were water conservation, waste treatment, and biodiversity conservation. Water-related services accounted for about 80% of the total service value. (3) There were significant positive correlations between the change in the area of grassland and cultivated land and the values of some regulatory and supply functions. Changes in the area of water had a significant negative effect on the overall value and the value of some supporting and cultural functions. There were significant correlations between changes in the patch density and the diversity indices of the landscape and the fragmentation index of forest lands and waters, and the change in values of some supportive and cultural functions. Fragmentation of the water area is a key factor in the decline of the overall value of ecosystem services and the value of cultural functions in the East Lake area.