山东省工业生态系统多样性

工业多样性是工业生态学关注和研究的重点,但其含义复杂,指标多种多样。选择了13个工业多样性指标,包括直接从生物多样性指数移植过来的4个指数,和根据特定目的专门构造出来的9个指数,以山东省140个县级行政单位2010年的四位码产业类型工业总产值和企业个数为统计单位,分析了山东省工业生态系统多样性的空间分布格局;采用探索性空间数据分析方法,解析了各县之间工业生态系统多样性的空间关联性。研究发现,13个工业多样性指标对山东省140个县的排序结果基本一致;2010年山东省各县工业发展很不平衡,不同县域工业发展水平有明显的差异,工业多样性高的县主要分布在青岛市、淄博市、烟台市、潍坊市、威海市、济南市、德州市、济宁市、临沂市、泰安市、枣庄市等11个地级市;各县之间工业多样性整体上表现为显著正相关的空间格局,即空间相似值的聚集分布,且以高-高聚集分布的县为主,呈现工业发展高地和洼地这种两极分化现象,其中工业发展核心区的县主要分布在青岛市、淄博市、泰安市、济南市、威海市、烟台市,工业发展洼地的县主要分布在滨州市、青岛市、枣庄市和东营市。此外,日照市、菏泽市、枣庄市存在工业发展不均衡的地区,与周边县的工业多样性空间差异较大。

The industrial ecosystem diversity in Shandong Province

Industrial diversity is an important frontier of industrial ecology research, involving various concepts and measurement methods. Using the annual survey of the industrial firms in Shandong Province in 2010, we chose 13 industrial diversity indices to calculate the industrial ecosystem diversity, including four indices directly transplanted from the biodiversity index, and nine indices constructed for specific purposes. Based on these indices, we described the spatial pattern of the industrial diversity in Shandong Province, and then we used the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) to examine the spatial autocorrelation among different counties. The sorting results of the 13 diversity indices about the rank of counties in Shandong province were found to be nearly consistent; the industrial development in Shandong province was unbalanced, and there were apparent differences in the level of industrial development between counties. The counties with higher industrial diversity were mainly distributed in Qingdao, Zibo, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai, Jinan, Dezhou, Jining, Linyi, Taian, and Zaozhuang at the prefecture level. We also found that the industrial diversity among counties had a significantly positive spatial autocorrelation with geographic concentration patterns. It was mainly a high-high aggregation distribution pattern, suggesting the existence of the industrial development hotspot and coldspot polarization. The exploratory spatial data analysis revealed that the industrial development core counties were mainly located at Qingdao, Zibo, Taian, Jinan, Weihai, and Yantai, while the industrial development depression counties were mainly located at Binzhou, Qindao, Zaozhuang, and Dongying at the prefecture level in Shandong Province. In addition, Rizhao, Heze, and Zaozhuang came under the industrial development uneven counties, which was different from the surrounding counties.