中国丝绸之路经济带沿线省份生态足迹时空差异及公平性分析

评价区域自然资源的公平分配程度是权衡社会经济系统与生态系统可持续发展之间关系的基础。在测算2005—2016年我国丝绸之路经济带沿线省份生态足迹的基础上,分析生态承载力、生态压力指数及足迹深度、足迹广度的时空差异特征,采用基尼系数、经济贡献系数与生态承载系数构建生态足迹的公平性评价模型。结果表明,沿线省份人均生态足迹增长趋势存在较大差异,新疆、宁夏、青海等省份增长较为显著,甘肃、陕西、广西、云南、重庆、四川等省份增长相对较小。结果显示,西北省份较西南省份生态足迹增长较快,但人均生态承载力未发生显著变化。沿线省份生态压力指数均呈缓慢上升的趋势,但差异性正逐步扩大。足迹深度呈缓慢增长的趋势,均大于1,足迹广度变化平缓。经济贡献基尼系数和生态承载基尼系数分别置于0.15,0.23]和0.23,0.30]区间,均低于"0.4的警戒线"。其中,陕西、四川和重庆属于"高经济贡献、低生态承载贡献"的省份,青海、云南和甘肃属于"低经济贡献、高生态承载贡献"的省份,新疆、广西和宁夏属于"低经济贡献、低生态承载贡献"的省份。为此,提出对不同经济贡献与生态承载贡献的省份制定适宜的生态建设与环境保护政策,加强空间管控能力,推动重点开发区的区域一体化和合作协同发展,促进省际间产业协作,利用双(多)边合作机制,提高区域自然资源的配置水平。

Analysis of spatial and temporal differences and equity of ecological footprints of provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China

Evaluating the degree of equitable distribution of regional natural resources is the basis for balancing the relationship between socio-economic systems and the sustainable development of ecosystems. Based on the ecological footprint of the Provinces along the Silk Road Economic Belt in China from 2005 to 2016, the spatial and temporal differences in the ecological carrying capacity, the ecological footprint pressure index, and the ecological footprint depth and size were analyzed. The Gini coefficient, economic contribution coefficient, and the carrying capacity contribution coefficient were used to construct a fairness evaluation model for the ecological footprint. The results showed that the per capita ecological footprint growth trends of the provinces along the belt were quite different. The per capita ecological footprint of Xinjiang, Ningxia, and Qinghai provinces were significantly increased, while the increase seen for the Gansu, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Yunnan, Chongqing, and Sichuan provinces were not significant. Compared with the southwest provinces, the northwest provinces'' ecological footprint increased faster, but the per capita ecological carrying capacity hardly changed. The ecological footprint pressure index of the provinces along the belt showed a slow rise, and the difference in the ecological pressure showed a gradual expansion. The ecological footprint depth was greater than 1 with a slow growth trend, while the ecological footprint size had changed a little. The economic contribution Gini coefficient and the ecological carrying capacity Gini coefficient ranged from0.15, 0.23] and0.23, 0.30], respectively, which were both lower than the "0.4 warning line". Among the studied Provinces, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing were identified as provinces with a "high economic contribution and low ecological support contribution". Qinghai, Yunnan, and Gansu were provinces with a "low economic contribution and high ecological support contribution". Xinjiang, Guangxi, and Ningxia were provinces with a "low economic contribution and low ecological support contribution". To achieve a balance between the socio-economic systems and the sustainable development of ecosystems, appropriate policies on ecological construction and environmental protection should be proposed for provinces with different economic contributions and ecological carrying capacities. Further, spatial management and control capabilities should be strengthened, regional integration and cooperative development of key developing district promoted, inter-provincial industrial collaboration advanced, bilateral or multilateral cooperation mechanisms used, and the allocation of regional natural resource should be improved.