海南岛东北部土地利用与生态系统服务价值空间自相关格局分析

土地利用/覆被变化是全球环境变化的重要原因,对生态系统服务价值空间分布格局有直接影响。以海南岛东北部为研究对象,基于遥感影像数据,应用空间自相关理论定量探讨了土地利用与生态系统服务价值的空间自相关格局和分布特征,并运用双变量空间自相关分析两者之间的空间响应规律。结果表明:2016年海南岛东北部生态系统服务功能总价值为132.09亿元,其中林地构成生态系统服务功能价值的主体,而湿地的单位生态系统服务价值最高。土地利用类型具有显著的空间自相关性(P0.05),不同土地利用类型所表现的空间聚集或异常的区域及范围明显不同,以建设用地和林地的空间聚集性最强。研究区生态系统服务价值在空间上呈显著的正相关性(P0.05),高值区明显聚集于海岸带、东寨港和清澜港红树林一带,低值区集中在海口城区、文昌北部农耕区域;土地利用程度与生态系统服务价值呈空间负相关关系(P0.05),且具有明显的空间溢出效应。根据研究结论建议继续实施生态修复与保护政策,优化土地利用结构,提升生态核心的服务价值,实现区域可持续发展和维护生态安全。

Spatial autocorrelation pattern analysis of land use and the value of ecosystem services in northeast Hainan island

Land use and land cover change are important factors for global environmental change, and they also directly affect the spatial distribution patterns of the values on ecosystem services. This study used remote sensing image data and applied spatial autocorrelation theory to quantify the spatial autocorrelation patterns and distribution characteristics of land use and the value of ecosystem services in northeastern Hainan island. Additionally, we used a bivariate spatial autocorrelation to analyze the spatial response law. The results showed that the total value of the ecosystem services function in northeastern Hainan island was 13.209 billion yuan in 2016, in which forests had the largest contribution, while as for the unit ecosystem service value, the contribution of wetlands was the highest. Land use types had a significant spatial autocorrelation (P < 0.05). The area and scope of spatial aggregation and the anomaly represented by different land use types were significantly different. The ecosystem service value of the study area had a significant positive correlation in space (P < 0.05). The high value area was in the coastal zone and mangrove area in Dongzhaigang and Qinglangang. The low value area was in Haikou city and the farming area in northern Wenchang. The land use degree was negatively correlated with the value of ecosystem services (P < 0.05), and there was a clear spatial spillover effect. According to the study results, we suggest that ecological restoration and protection policies be implemented, and there should be optimization of land use structure, enhancement of the service value of the ecological core, and regional sustainable development to maintain ecological security.