基于扩展耗模型的可持续发展水平区域空间差异——以中国31个省市为数据源

将区域作为一个以人类生产和消费为中心的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,构建了一种基于生物物理视角的生态热力学方法,从整体角度对区域的可持续发展水平进行定量评价。该方法囊括了维持复合生态系统运转过程中的自然资源投入、人力资源投入和环境污染损害成本投入等三种要素,完善了可持续发展评价以及绿色GDP核算中人力资源投入和环境成本的价值体现。然后以我国为例,核算了我国31个省市2006—2015年间可持续发展水平的时间动态,并以各省为边界,计算了2015年的区域可持续发展水平差异。计算结果显示:(1)十年间,我国整体上的可持续发展水平在逐步提高,能反映出我国生产率水平的提高和资源利用效率的提高;(2)从要素投入看,自然资源投入仍然占主要,但比例在逐渐降低。环境成本投入比例呈逐步降低趋势,说明环境保护取得了成效。另外,在2010年后,人力资源投入比例增加很快,反映了我国经济发展中劳动力成本上升明显。(3)各省市的计算结果差异较大,在不考虑区域间进出口的情况下,从GDP产出角度,北京的可持续发展水平最高,西藏最低。通过将本文的评价结果与绿色发展指数的评价结果进行比较,发现具有较好的一致性。建立的方法框架是对能值分析方法的扩展和完善,在今后的研究中,还需要继续对该方法框架中没有考虑全面的因素加以考虑,以便于更全面客观地反映区域的可持续发展水平。

Spatial difference in the sustainable development level based on extended exergy analysis: Based on the data resources of Chinese 31 provinces and cities

Based on the summary of emergy and exergy, an integrated assessment method was established to evaluate regional sustainable development. Three parts included in this method were natural resources, human resources, and environmental cost. A region was regarded as a compound ecosystem combining society, economy, and the environment. It is an improvement of the exergy evaluation method and can be used in the evaluation of sustainable development and green GDP. After the introduction of the assessment method, the extended exergy account of China was calculated. The results showed that:(1) the sustainable development level has gradually improved from 2006 to 2015, which indicates the improvement of China''s resource utilization efficiency; (2) From the perspective of resource, the proportion of natural resource inputs was still the highest, but the ratio has gradually decreased. The proportion of the environmental exergy cost has also decreased. Moreover, the proportion of human resources displayed a rapid increase after 2010. This reflected the increasing labor cost. (3) Without considering interregional import and export, the sustainable development level of Beijing is the highest and Tibet is the lowest in terms of the exergy GDP ratio. In the future, it will be necessary to improve the index of this method to evaluate the sustainable development level.