罗霄山区生态用地时空演变及其生态系统服务功能的响应——以井冈山为例

生态用地的可持续利用对人类生存至关重要,而山区生态用地变化及其引起的资源环境效应是山区地域人地关系变化的反映,认识和探讨山区生态用地时空分布和形成机理对维持区域生态平衡和引导经济社会可持续发展具有深远意义。运用土地利用空间分析模型和Meta分析方法,分析井冈山的生态用地变化空间格局及其生态服务价值损益;利用Logistic回归和地理探测器,诊断生态用地的空间指向特征和时间演化过程。结果表明:(1)1990—2015年,井冈山生态用地变化显著,呈不断减少趋势,其中近城区表现最明显;生态用地转移的主要对象为城乡建设用地。1990—2000年间,井冈山生态用地的总体转移速率远远大于2000—2015年间的转移速率;林地的转移面积及占比最大,转移部分大于新增部分,属于生态用地减少型地类,而草地和水域属于生态增加型用地,且转移速率较大,是井冈山市较"活跃"的生态用地类型。(2)生态用地的时间演化过程的主导驱动因素包括人口数量和产业结构,空间演变格局中的主导驱动因素为到河流的距离和到地域中心的距离。(3)1990—2015年,生态系统服务价值不断降低但减少速率逐渐放缓,1990—2000年的年均减少量大于2000—2015年的年均减少量。其中,林地对生态服务价值的贡献最大。山区乡村振兴应以生态系统服务价值目标导向,实现农民生计和生态安全的协同优化,利用山区地域资源优势,强化三产融合,推进山区"乡村振兴"。

Spatio-temporal evolution of ecologically-sustainable land use in the luoxiao mountains and responses of its ecosystem services: A case study of Jinggangshan City in Jiangxi Province

Ecologically-sustainable land use is essential for human beings to survive. The changes to land use in mountainous areas, the resources used, and the environmental effects caused by people are reflections of changes in people-land relations mountain regional system. It is important to understand and discuss the spatio-temporal distribution and mechanisms of ecologically-sustainble land use for maintaining regional ecological balances, and for guiding sustainable economic and social development. Based on the land use spatial analysis model and meta-analysis method, the spatial pattern of changes to ecologically-sustainble land use, and the profit and loss of ecosystem services in Jinggangshan were analyzed. Logistic regression and geo-detectors were used to diagnose the spatial orientation characteristics and measure change over time of ecologically-sustainble land use.The results showed:(1)From 1990 to 2015, ecologically-sustainble land use in Jinggangshan has changed significantly, showing a continuous downward trend, which is especially obvious near urban area where the land is used for construction. (2) Dominant factors influencing ecologically-sustainble land use over time are population numbers and industrial development. In the spatial change pattern, the distance from the river and the distance to the regional center have a great influence on changes ecologically-sustainble land use in Jinggangshan. (3) From 1990 to 2015, the value of ecosystem services decreased, but the rate of decrease slowed down gradually, and the annual average decrease from the years 1990-2000 years was greater than the average annual decrease during the years 2000-2015.Woodlands provided the greatest contribution to ecosystem services. Countryside revitalization efforts in the mountainous area should be guided by the value of ecosystem services, and aim to achieve optimal coordination between farmers'' livelihoods and ecological security. Meanwhile, making use of geographical resources in the mountains and strengthening the integration of the three industries will promote "the countryside revitalization" in the mountains.