海岛生态物联网建设:概念和模型

海岛是自然资源的重要组成部分,但由于受海洋影响强烈、海岛空间有限而生态脆弱性明显,应加强保护。保护的前提则需要掌握海岛生态本底现状及未来发展、变化趋势等信息,海岛生态物联网监测则能够为实现这一需求提供重要支撑。本文在前人相关研究的基础上,概述了海岛生态物联网的概念,即基于物联网技术对海岛生态系统开展自动、实时、长期监测并获取海岛生物、非生物、生态安全等信息以掌握海岛生态系统在自然和人为活动干扰下的变化规律与机制,评估海岛生态状况以作出相应决策和开展海岛生态学研究的基础网络体系;结合海岛特点构建了海岛生态物联网概念模型,形成了由生态要素监测层、数据采集层、存储层、网络传输层、能源保障层、保密层、应用层等7部分构成的监测体系;海岛生态物联网在前期构建、监测内容、数据管理、建设及维护、数据应用等方面具有区别于其他物联网的特征。以广东典型小海岛——三角岛为例展示了海岛生态物联网概念模型在具体海岛上的构建应用,为下一步开展三角岛生态物联网的实践应用及管理提供基础参考,为海岛生态监测和生态物联网建设提供理论和实践参考,并有助于未来海岛生态物联网建设的研究。

An ecological Internet of Things for islands: Concept and model

Islands are important part of natural resources. However, their spatially-confined nature, due to a strong effect of the sea, makes them ecologically more vulnerable, thus calling for the strengthening of protection strategies. Such strategies must take the specific ecological background of the island landform into account, as well as consider other information, such as future development and trends. Monitoring through an Island Ecological Internet of Things (IEIOT) approach can provide an important support to protection strategies. In this paper, the concept of IEIOT is firstly summarised on the basis of previous studies. Then, using the Internet of Things (IOT) technology, an automatic, real-time and long-term monitoring of an island ecosystem is carried out. Information on biological, abiotic and ecological security of the island is obtained through the monitoring to get insight into the changing patterns and mechanisms of the island ecosystem in response to natural and human activities. The basic network system for assessing the state of the island ecology is presented, which is fundamental to make appropriate decisions and carry out island ecology research. A concept model of the IEIOT is constructed, tailored to the peculiar characteristics of the island. The IEIOT monitoring system is composed of a monitoring layer of ecological elements, a data acquisition layer, a storage layer, a network transmission layer, an energy security layer, a security layer, and an application layer. The IEIOT is different from other IOT systems in several aspects including its construction, monitoring content, data management, maintenance, and data application. Finally, a typical island of Guangdong, Triangle Island, is taken as a case study to demonstrate the construction and application of the conceptual model of IEIOT. The case study provides a reference for the possible future implementation and management of an IEIOT system in Triangle Island. Furthermore, the work provides a theoretical and practical reference for the ecological monitoring of islands, and for the construction of IEIOT systems.