基于红外相机技术调查桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性

2017年3月—2018年3月期间,采用红外相机技术调查了桃红岭梅花鹿国家级自然保护区内鸟类和兽类的物种多样性。红外相机监测期间,共累计4442个相机日,获得野生动物独立有效照片1003张,其中兽类独立有效照片683张,共4目9科16种;鸟类独立有效照片320张,共9目23科46种;保护区内兽类相对丰富度最高的是小麂(Muntiacus reevesi),鸟类丰富度最高的是黑领噪鹛(Garrulax perspicillatus);其中国家Ⅰ级保护动物有2种,梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)和白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti);国家Ⅱ级保护动物有6种,分别为小灵猫(Viverricula indica)、勺鸡(Pucrasia macrolopha)、白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、草鸮(Tyto longimembris)、红角鸮(Otus sunia)和松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)。红外相机在灌丛中拍摄率最高,在草甸中拍摄率最低。通过稀疏外推曲线对物种多样性进行估计可得,保护区实际的物种数远大于监测到的物种数,因此有待继续进行长期监测。通过物种与相机位点的PCA排序图可知,各个相机位点和物种的相关性较强。调查结果为保护区提供了重要的兽类和鸟类资源信息,为保护区对野生动物的有效管理和长期监测提供了数据支持。

Use of camera trapping to investigate animal diversity in Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve

Between March 2017 and March 2018, the diversity of avian and mammal species was surveyed with camera traps in Taohongling Sika Deer National Nature Reserve; 4442 camera dates and 1003 independent wildlife photographs were collected, including 683 photos of 16 mammal species from 9 families and 4 orders and 320 photos of 46 avian species from 23 families and 9 orders. Muntiacus reevesi and Garrulax perspicillatus possessed the highest relative abundance index among the mammal and avian species, respectively. Cervus nippon and Syrmaticus ellioti have been listed in the first category of nationally protected wildlife species in China; Viverricula indica, Pucrasia macrolopha, Lophura nycthemera, Tyto longimembris, Otus sunia, and Accipiter virgatus have been listed in the second category of nationally protected wildlife species. Infrared cameras showed the highest and lowest photographic rate for shrubs and meadow, respectively. According to principal component analysis (PCA), species had an extremely significant correlation with the infrared camera site. The number of species recorded with infrared cameras was less than the number of species estimated with rarefaction and extrapolation curves, which means that wildlife species diversity needs to be surveyed continuously. The results provided a comprehensive baseline for the wildlife resources in Taohongling Nature Reserve for biodiversity management and long-term monitoring.