生态承载力研究进展

基于生态承载力的概念发展,介绍了常用的生态承载力研究方法,包括生态足迹法、人类净初级生产力占用法、状态空间法、综合评价法、系统模型法和生态系统服务消耗评价法,并客观评述了这些方法的优缺点,指出了目前生态承载力研究中存在的薄弱环节。未来生态承载力研究需要完善理论体系,深入研究承载力过程机理与承载机制,将生态系统服务的空间流动因素纳入评估体系,构建完善的评价指标体系,加强生态承载力时空动态评估。最终将生态承载力作为解决生态脆弱区资源环境问题的抓手,建立区域资源环境监测预警机制,并落实到主体功能规划和生态安全建设上,为生态文明建设提供有力的科学依据。

Review of ecological carrying capacity

Based on the development of the concept of ecological carrying capacity (ECC), this study summarized the methods in ECC, including ecological footprint, human appropriation of net primary production, state-space techniques, comprehensive evaluation schemes, systematic models, and the ecosystem services consumption method, which has often been used in previous studies. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods have been analyzed objectively and the weakness pointed out. This study suggested that the theory of ECC needs to be enriched, and the interaction mechanism between variation in ecological factors and its influence on the ECC should be examined. Future research should couple the ecosystem services flow factors into the evaluation system, improve the evaluation index system, and strengthen the temporal and spatial dynamics assessment of ECC. By enhancing the study of ECC feedback in ecologically vulnerable regions scientifically, ECC will be the key to solving the resource and environmental problems of the ecologically vulnerable region, which could support regional resources, environment monitoring, early-warning system establishment, and the main function plan implementation and construction of ecological security. This study introduces several ECC methods that are in widespread use, such as human appropriation of net primary production and the ecosystem services consumption method, which combine land use with the social and economic metabolism mechanism to analyze the temporal-spatial evolution of the ecosystem and demonstrates the changes in the ecosystem function. These comprehensive methods also avoid the error caused by subjective decisions based on a single evaluation index, representing the quantitative limits of the regional ecosystem function.