防风固沙型重点生态功能区防风固沙服务的评估与受益区识别

防风固沙型重点生态功能区是我国主要的防沙屏障带,对保障全国的生态环境安全具有重要意义。基于RWEQ模型评估了防风固沙型重点生态功能区防风固沙服务的空间格局,利用HYSPLIT模型模拟了防风固沙型重点生态功能区防风固沙服务的空间流动路径,从生态系统服务流动的角度建立了防风固沙型重点生态功能区及其防风固沙服务受益区之间的时空联系。研究表明,2010年防风固沙型重点生态功能区的防风固沙总量为5.55×10~(12) kg,受益区总面积为32.16×10~6 km~2,涉及防风固沙服务流动路径755条。受益区主要位于中国的西北、华北、东北的广大区域,朝鲜半岛,日本,俄罗斯远东地区和北太平洋的广大海域,其中中国境内的受益区占比24.12%,受益草地面积最大,受益建设用地占中国建设用地总面积的比例最高,受益效益更为明显。在空间分布上,防风固沙服务流动效益以各防风固沙型重点生态功能区为中心呈现明显的圈层式递减特征。防风固沙型重点生态功能区的防风固沙服务流动对下风向受益区的生产生活具有重要的保障作用,研究能够为防风固沙型重点生态功能区的区域间生态补偿政策制定提供科学的参考依据,从而进一步提升防风固沙型重点生态功能区的屏障作用,保障国家生态安全。

Assessment of wind erosion prevention service and its beneficiary areas identification of national key ecological function zone of windbreak and sand fixation type in China

The national key ecological function zone of windbreak and sand fixation type (NKEFZ-WSF) is the main sand-proof barrier belt in China, which is of great significance for protecting the ecological environment security of the whole country. This study simulated the spatio-temporal patterns and flow trajectories of the wind erosion prevention service (WEP) in NKEFZ-WSF based on the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model, respectively, and constructed the spatio-temporal paths connection between NKEFZ-WSF and its service beneficiary areas (SBAs) of WEP. The results indicated that the total amount of WEP in the NKEFZ-WSF was 5.55×10¹² kg in 2010 and can benefit the SBAs of 32.16×10⁶ km², involving 755 flow paths of the WEP. The SBAs were mainly located in the vast areas of Northwest, North and Northeast China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Russian Far East and the vast sea areas of the North Pacific Ocean, of which the SBAs within China accounted for 24.12% and the benefiting grassland was the largest. Besides, the proportion of benefiting construction land in China''s total construction land was the highest with more obvious benefits transferred. In terms of spatial distribution, the flow benefits of the WEP had the obvious feature of decreasing in the circle type centering on each NKEFZ-WSF. The WEP flows of NKEFZ-WSF play an important role in guaranteeing the production and living quality of the downwind SBAs. This study can provide a scientific reference for the formulation of interregional ecological compensation policies for NKEFZ-WSF, so as to further enhance its barrier effect of wind prevention and sand fixation and safeguard the national ecological security.