菊属与蒿属植物苗期抗蚜虫性鉴定

为发掘对蚜虫有抗性的菊花近缘种属植物,对11份菊属及蒿属植物苗期进行了田间和室内抗蚜虫性鉴定。结果发现:在田间鉴定条件下,随着平均蚜害指数(I*)值的升高,蚜虫抗性等级逐渐降低,其中:黄金艾蒿、黄蒿、香蒿的I*值为0.00,属于免疫性;牡蒿的I*值为0.13,属于高抗性;大岛野路菊的I*值为0.25,属于抗性;异色菊的I*值为0.37,属于中抗性;那贺川野菊、龙脑菊的I*值为0.51—0.75,属于感性;泡黄金菊、紫花野菊、菊花脑的I*值>0.75,属于高感性;在室内鉴定条件下,不同材料对蚜虫的抗性表现出很大差异,根据繁殖倍率的不同,11份材料分为5个抗性等级,其中黄金艾蒿、牡蒿、黄蒿、香蒿繁殖倍率为0.00,属于极高抗性;大岛野路菊繁殖倍率为5.86,属于中抗性;异色菊、那贺川野菊、龙脑菊繁殖倍率为7—10,属于低抗性;泡黄金菊、紫花野菊、菊花脑繁殖倍率>10,属于无抗性。综合分析表明:田间鉴定与室内鉴定结果基本一致,其中黄金艾蒿、黄蒿等8份材料田间和室内鉴定结果无差别;牡蒿田间鉴定表现为高抗性,而室内鉴定表现为极高抗性;大岛野路菊田间鉴定表现为抗性,而室内鉴定表现为中抗性;异色菊田间鉴定表现为中抗性,而室内鉴定表现为低抗性。黄金艾蒿、黄蒿、牡蒿、香蒿、大岛野路菊对蚜虫表现良好抗性,可用于栽培菊花抗蚜性遗传改良。

Identification of aphid resistance in eleven species from Dendranthema and Artemisia at seedling stage

Chrysanthemum(Dendranthema×grandiflorum Tzvel.) is one of the most economically important ornamental plants all over the world.Aphid is one of major agricultural pests and specialized to feed on phloem,they penetrate plant tissues via a primarily intercellular route,and ingest phloem sap from Chrysanthemum plants through stylets.Aphids not only result in a loss in quality,but also are an important vector of plant viruses besides damaging Chrysanthemum plants directly.Chrysanthemum is particularly susceptible to aphid infestation from the time of its seedling stage to its flowering as a crop.The phenotypes caused by aphids include the leaf rolling,chloroplast degradation,and folding of leaves or inflorescence of Chrysanthemum.Given the evolution of aphid resistance to pesticides,there is a growing need to screen aphid-resistant germplasm from Dendranthema and its closely related genera Artemisia L.for the breeding of chrysanthemum.The aphid resistance of eleven species from Dendranthema and Artemisia L.were evaluated at seedling stage under the field in Chrysanthemum Germplasm Resource Preserving Centre,Nanjing Agricultural University,China and lab conditions in no-insect nets room of Nanjing Agricultural University.The results showed that the aphid-resistance reduced with average damage index of aphid(I*) value increased under the field condition.A.vulgaris ’Variegate’,A.scoparia and A.annua that all had 0.00 I* value were all aphid immunity species;A.japonica with 0.13 of the I* value was belonging to high resistant level;The I* value of aphid resistance of the D.crassum belonging to resistant level was 0.25;D.dichrum with 0.37 I* value was belonging to moderately resistant grade;D.yoshinaganthum and D.japonicum whose I* value were 0.51—0.75 were belonging to aphid sensitive grade;D.boreale,D.zawadskii and D.nankingense with the >0.75 I* value were highly sensitive to aphids.Under lab condition,aphid resistance varied among species.Eleven species can be divided into five different grades in terms of aphid resistance according to the multiplication rate(MR).For example,the A.vulgaris ’Variegate’,A.japonica,A.scoparia and A.annua with 0.00 MR all were the highest resistance species;D.crassum that had 5.86 MR belonged to moderate resistant type;D.dichrum,D.yoshinaganthum and D.japonicum with 7—10 MR were belonging to low resistant grade;D.boreale,D.zawadskii and D.nankingense whose MR were all >10,were non-resistant species.The aphid resistance under field condition was overall consistent with that under lab condition.The aphid resistance of eight species such as A.vulgaris ’Variegate’ and A.scoparia were confirmed under field and lab conditions.However,A.japonica was high resistant specie under field condition while belonging to the highest resistant grade under lab condition;D.crassum was resistant to aphid under field condition but was moderate resistant one under lab condition;and D.dichrum had moderate resistance under field condition but low resistance to the pests under lab condition.Therefore,A.vulgaris ’Variegate’,A.scoparia,A.japonica,A.annua and D.crassum were promising germplasms for aphid-resistance breeding of chrysanthemum based on our results.