扎龙湿地生态系统服务价值评价

从避免重复计算的角度出发,将湿地生态系统服务分为最终服务和中间服务两部分,以最终服务的价值作为湿地生态系统服务的总价值。以扎龙湿地为例,其最终服务包括物质生产、土壤保持、水质净化、气候调节、固碳、调蓄洪水、大气调节、休闲旅游、科研教育和授粉服务,中间服务包括净初级生产力、营养循环、涵养水源、地下水补给和生物多样性维持服务,采用市场价值法、替代成本法和旅行费用法等生态经济学方法对扎龙湿地的生态系统服务进行了评价。结果表明,2011年扎龙湿地生态系统服务总价值为679.4亿元,中间服务价值为471.5亿元,各项最终服务的价值大小为气候调节调蓄洪水大气调节固碳休闲旅游授粉服务物质生产水质净化科研教育土壤保持。扎龙湿地不仅是重要的蓄洪区和泥碳储存地,在区域气候调节方面也起着巨大的作用。针对扎龙湿地的管理,应该保护和恢复湿地面积,同时注意适当的增加旅游。

Evaluation of ecosystem services in the Zhalong wetland

Ecosystem service evaluations play an important role in the management and conservation of wetlands. However, current evaluation methods may count some services twice, and may not reflect the actual value of an ecosystem. In order to avoid the repeat accounting, this study divides wetland ecosystem services into ultimate services and intermediate services, and then uses ultimate services as the gross value of ecosystem services provided by the wetland. Here, we present a case study on the Zhalong wetland. The ultimate services accounted for include substance production, soil conservation, water purification, climate regulation, carbon fixation, flood regulation, gas regulation, recreation, science and education, and pollination. Intermediate services include net primary production (NPP), nutrient cycling, water conservation, groundwater recharge, and biodiversity maintenance. The methods employed in evaluating ecosystem services include the market value method, the replacement cost method, and the travel cost method. The results indicate the gross value of ecosystem services provided by Zhalong wetland is 67.94 billion Yuan RMB, and the value of the intermediate services is 47.15 billion Yuan RMB. The ranking of ultimate services in the decreasing order is as follows:climate regulation (420.00 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), flood regulation (226.00 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), gas regulation (17.35 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), carbon fixation (8.6 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), recreation (3.86 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), pollination (1.74 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), substance production (1.43 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), water purification (0.3 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), science and education (0.08 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB), and soil conservation (0.03 × 10⁸ Yuan RMB). The findings suggest Zhalong wetland is not only essential for regulating floods and storing carbon dioxide, but also plays an important role in regulating climate change. We suggest wetland management should aim to conserve wetland areas and increase tourism development in a balanced manner.