基于生物量因子的山西省森林生态系统服务功能评估

根据森林生态系统的特征和服务功能的内涵,采用物质量和价值量相结合的评价方法,基于生物量因子和前人研究成果,定量评价了山西省森林的生态系统服务价值。结果表明:山西省1995、2000和2005年森林生态系统服务的总价值量分别为377.24×108、428.79×108和501.12×108元,服务单价分别为2.60×104、2.72×104和2.93×104元,均呈加速增加趋势;山西省10 a间增加的森林生态系统服务价值量由栎类贡献最大(39%),油松次之(17%),云杉贡献了14%。10 a间山西省森林面积约增加了18%,生态系统服务的各种物质量和价值量却增加了33%,表明山西省森林生态系统具有极为重要的服务功能。10 a间山西省单位面积森林生态系统服务的物质量和价值量约均增加了13%;各项功能的价值量依次为涵养水源>生物多样性保护>保育土壤>固碳释氧>净化大气环境>积累营养物质。如果不考虑生物量因子,山西省森林生态系统服务的物质量和价值量将比实际值明显偏高,表明生物量因子对森林生态系统服务功能具有重要影响。

Evaluation of forest ecosystem services based on biomass in Shanxi Province

Forest is one of the most complicate terrestrial ecosystems in the world and plays an important role in sustaining the global life system. Forest ecosystem services can provide economic benefits both directly and indirectly. The valuation of forest ecosystem services has become a hot topic in ecological economics research. There has been a growing literature on valuation of forest ecosystem services in the past few decades. In each case, the researchers gave important insights into the spatial and temporal changes in forest ecosystem services. A few researches indicated that the ecosystem service function has close relationship with biomass, but previous evaluations of forest ecosystem services did not take this point into account. Shanxi Province was chosen as the study area. The objectives of the study were therefore: (1) to assign specific value coefficients for the forest ecosystem services; (2) to estimate changes in the matter and value quantity of forest ecosystem services in 1995, 2000 and 2005; and (3) to provide information and advices to support forest sustainable development policies in Shanxi Province. The results showed that the total value of forest ecosystem services in Shanxi Province were 377.24108 yuan in 1995, 428.79108 yuan in 2000, and 501.12108 yuan in 2005, representing an increase of 123.88108 yuan from 1995 to 2005; the value of unit area forest ecosystem services were 2.60104 yuan in 1995, 2.72104 yuan in 2000, and 2.93104 yuan in 2005, representing an increase of 0.33104 yuan from 1995 to 2005. During the ten years, the increasing value of forest ecosystem service was contributed mainly by Lithocarpus (39%), Chinese pine (17%) and Spruce (14). The areas of forest in Shanxi Province increased 18% form 1995 to 2005, but the matter quantity and value of forest ecosystem service increased 33%, which showed that the forest ecosystem in Shanxi Province has very important service function. During the ten years, the matter and value quantity of unit area forest ecosystem services in Shanxi Province increased about 13%; among contribution of value of all ecosystem services, the order of value is below: water conservation > biodiversity conservation > soil conservation > fixing carbon and releasing oxygen > decontaminating atmospheric environment > accumulation nutrient. If not taking the biomass factor into account, the estimated matter and value quantity of forest ecosystem services in Shanxi Province would be obviously higher than actual quantity, which indicated that the biomass has great influence on the forest ecosystem services.