野猪与人冲突防控对策研究的系统评价

在中国，野猪(Sus scrofa)与人冲突问题亟需采取有效、科学的对策进行防控。通过了解野猪与人冲突防控对策的文献数量、研究范围、防控对策的种类及有效性等方面，对国内外野猪与人冲突防控对策进行系统分析与评价，以期为我国防控野猪与人冲突提供理论依据。检索中英文数据库建库至2021年5月31日的文献，提取文献的研究起始年份、研究所在地理单元、使用的防控措施种类、措施是否有效、措施的具体内容评价等。共搜集文献446篇，最终纳入77篇，分别来自欧洲、亚洲、北美洲、大洋洲、南美洲五大洲，研究时间主要在1981年后。防控对策类型主要分为致死性防控(药物、猎捕)及非致死性防控(干扰技术、设置障碍物、补充喂养、生育控制、生物防控)两大类；致死性防控对策的有效性(81.5%)高于非致死性防控对策的有效性(68.4%)。相比于非致死性防控对策，致死性防控对策是目前有效性较高的防控策略，而猎捕是现阶段调控野猪种群可行性较高的主要致死性防控对策。国外在猎捕方面的经验可为我国开展野猪防控工作提供参考。

A Systematic review of the prevention and control measures on human-wild boar conflict

Abstract: Effective and scientific measures are needed in solving the conflict between wild boar (Sus scrofa) and human in China. In order to make government and wildlife managers better solve the human-wild boar conflict in China, in this study, we systematically reviewed the literature on the prevention and control measures of human-wild boar conflict worldwide from the aspects of literature quantity, study scope, types and effectiveness of different measures. We searched the Chinese and English database, with the published time ranging from the establishment of the database to May 31, 2021. The contents extracted from the literature include the year in which the study started, the country in which the study was conducted, the types of prevention and control measures used, whether the measures were effective, and the specific content evaluation of the measures. A total of 446 articles were collected, and 77 articles were included, respectively, from Europe, Asia, North America, Oceania and South America mainly after 1981. The types of prevention and control measures are mainly divided into lethal (drugs, hunting) and non-lethal approaches (interference, setting obstacles, supplementary feeding, fertility control, biological control). The effectiveness of lethal control measures (81.5%) was higher than that of non-lethal measures (68.4%). Compared with non-lethal control measures, the lethal control measures are the highly effective strategies at present, while hunting is a feasible lethal control strategy to control wild boar population. The hunting experience of foreign countries can provide reference for the prevention and control of wild boar in China.