城市景观格局视角下空气微生物研究进展

城市化进程将原有自然生态系统改造为以不透水面为主的人工景观，这种变化影响了空气微生物群落的生存环境及其时空异质性。空气微生物受城市化的影响程度与其生态功能的发挥关系密切，微生物群落特征的改变会在一定程度上影响当地生态环境质量并给人群健康带来潜在威胁。城市化进程和空气微生物群落动态分属两个时空尺度差异巨大的生态过程，二者的联合分析已成为目前生态安全与环境健康领域的研究热点。从空气微生物的来源及其组成特征、空气微生物群落的时空异质性及其影响因素以及空气微生物的生态环境效应三个方面系统梳理和总结了近年来探索城市化和空气微生物群落动态之间关系的研究，从宏观视角探讨了当前空气微生物研究的不足，并引入社会-经济-自然复合生态系统、景观格局与过程等相关理论和方法来分析城市化对空气微生物群落特征的影响，旨在明确城市景观格局作用下的空气微生物群落对人群健康的潜在威胁程度，为快速城市化过程中的人居环境的改善提供参考。

Review of current progress on studies of airborne microbial communities from the perspective of urban landscape pattern

The process of urbanization transforms natural ecosystems to anthropogenic urban landscapes dominated by impervious surfaces. Such landscape transformation alters both the survival environment and spatio-temporal heterogeneity of airborne microbial communities. The impact of urbanization on airborne microbial communities contributes to regulate the ecological functions of microbial communities. The transformation of microbe communities resulting from urbanization might also reduce environmental quality and create a threat to public health. The spatial and temporal scales of these two environmental processes noticeably differ (urbanization process and dynamic of microbial communities). The coupling of these two macro- and micro-processes is receiving the increasing focus in the research field of ecological security and environmental health. This study presents a systematic review of studies on airborne microbial communities in the urban environment. The sources and community characteristics, spatio-temporal heterogeneity and affecting factors, and eco-environmental effects of airborne microbial communities were explored. The limitations of current studies on this topic were examined from a macroecological perspective. We suggest that theories of social-economic-natural eco systems and landscape patterns and processes should be introduced to identify the relationships between urbanization and the dynamics of airborne microbial communities and their potential impacts on public health. In conclusion, this review provides insights to improve the living environment during the rapid urbanization process.