长江经济带典型锌冶炼园区不同固废处置模式生态效率研究

我国铜铅锌有色冶炼固废种类多、存量大，富含多种环境毒害元素如镉铬汞砷等，而目前固废末端处置方式单一，对其所含的大量铜铅锌银镍等有价金属组分也未能有效分离，固废污染防控与高效资源化利用问题突出，已成为制约产业绿色可持续发展的关键因素。以长江经济带典型铜铅锌综合冶炼基地为例，设置直接处理(情景1)、内部循环(情景2)和协同利用(情景3)三种锌冶炼固废处置情景模式，结合物质投入产出法、层次分析法与熵值法，构建资源能耗、环境风险、物质循环与经济效益的多维生态效率指标核算方法体系，对三种情景模式开展生态效率综合评估分析。结果表明，情景3因加强了锌冶炼固废在铜、铅冶炼系统间的协同转化，其生态效率综合评价指数最高，为0.2246,较情景1和情景2分别高出313.6%和25.5%;从资源能耗角度来看，情景2单位产品能耗最高，达0.3086;而从物质循环和经济效益角度来看，情景3固废综合利用率最高，达97.6%,铜铅锌三种有价金属回收率达97.2%,利润总额达48131.3万元；但在环境风险方面，尽管情景3固废中重金属污染排放减少1470.4 t/a,但废气中铅砷镉汞等重金属污染排放却比情景1增加了3倍...

Ecological efficiency of different solid waste treatment modes in typical zinc smelting industrial park in Yangtze River Economic Belt

In China, there are many kinds of solid wastes of copper, lead and zinc non-ferrous smelting, which are rich in a variety of environmental toxic elements, such as cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic. At present, the disposal mode of solid wastes is still single and a large number of valuable metal components such as copper, lead zinc, silver and nickel have not been effectively separated. The problems of solid waste pollution control and efficient resource utilization are prominent, which have become the key factors restricting the green and sustainable development of the industry. This paper studied a typical case of copper, lead and zinc comprehensive smelting base an example in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and set up three scenarios of zinc smelting solid waste disposal, namely, direct treatment (scenario 1), internal circulation (scenario 2) and collaborative utilization (scenario 3). In order to further carry out a comprehensive evaluation and an analysis of ecological efficiency for the three scenarios, we combined material input-output method with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy method. The multi-dimensional ecological efficiency index accounting method system was established, including resource and energy consumption, environmental risk, material cycle and economic benefit. The ecological efficiency of the three scenarios was comprehensively evaluated and analyzed as well. The results showed that scenario 3 strengthened the collaborative transformation of zinc smelting solid wastes between copper and lead smelting systems, and its ecological efficiency comprehensive evaluation index was the highest, which was 0.2246, 313.6% and 25.5% higher than scenario 1 and scenario 2 respectively; From the perspective of resource energy consumption, scenario 2 had the highest energy consumption per unit product, reaching 0.3086; The comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste in scenario 3 was the highest in respect of material circulation and economic benefits, reaching 97.6%. The recovery rate of copper, lead and zinc was 97.2%, and the total profit was 481.313 million yuan, however, in terms of environmental risk, while the emission of heavy metals in the solid waste in scenario 3 decreased by 1470.4 tons per year, the emission of heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury in the exhaust gas increased by more than three times compared with scenario 1, reaching 1.59 tons per year. To sum up, scenario 3 had significant advantages in the comprehensive utilization of solid waste secondary resources and economic benefits. Therefore, strengthening the collaborative utilization of solid waste among the copper-lead-zinc industry chain can not only greatly reduce the solid waste redundancy, improve the recovery efficiency of valuable metal resources, increase economic benefits, but also effectively reduce the risk of water and soil environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the emission of heavy metal pollution in the atmosphere still needs to be paid more attentions.