国土空间生态修复与保护空间识别——以北京市为例

构建国土空间修复与保护识别体系可以有效实现区域生态系统修复与保护，然而，当前国土空间生态修复与保护研究和规划缺乏从系统性和完整性的角度识别关键生态修复与保护区。因此构建了系统的生态修复与保护空间识别方法，以实现区域协调发展、保障区域生态安全。基于该方法，以北京市为例，通过评估生态系统服务、生态系统质量和生态问题，构建生态修复与保护空间格局。研究结果表明：(1) 2000—2015年生态系统服务和质量退化区主要集中在平原区和密云水库北部，面积为760.4 km~2;生态系统质量低下区主要分布在西南部山区和东北部山区，面积为4925 km~2;水土流失问题区零星分布在山区，面积为130.1 km~2;基于以上三者的北京生态修复建议区总面积5606 km~2。(2)建议北京生态保护区6391 km~2,主要分布在北部山区和西南部山区，保护了79.63%的水源涵养功能，74.97%的土壤保持功能，58.79%的洪水调蓄功能和60.3%的自然栖息地。本研究构建的生态修复与保护空间识别方法体系，为北京生态修复和保护规划与生态安全格局构建提供科学依据，还可以为其他地区的生态修复与保护规划提供参考。

Spatial identification of territory space ecological conservation and restoration: A case study of Beijing

A robust identification system of territory space ecological restoration and conservation can make effective contribution to regional ecosystem restoration and conservation. However, current research and planning lack the identification of key ecological restoration and conservation areas from the perspective of systematicness and integrity. This study established a systematic spatial identification method for ecological restoration and conservation to provide basis for regional coordinated development and regional ecological security. On the basis of the method, taking Beijing as a case, the spatial pattern of ecosystem restoration and conservation was explored through assessing of ecosystem services, ecosystem quality and ecological problems. The results showed that:(1) the ecosystem quality and ecosystem services increased generally in Beijing from 2000 to 2015. Ecosystem quality of forest, shrub and grassland improved by 39%. Correspondingly, water retention service, soil conservation service and flood mitigation service increased by 11%, 3% and 10%, respectively. However, ecological degradation occurred in some regions because of nature or human activities impact. The degraded areas of ecosystem services and ecosystem quality from 2000 to 2015 were mainly concentrated in the plain and the north of Miyun Reservoir, covering a total area of 760.4 km² dominated by farmland and urban land. The areas with low ecosystem quality were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of southwest and northeast, covering an area of about 4925 km² dominated by forest and shrub ecosystems. The areas with severe soil erosion were scattered in mountainous areas, covering an area of about 130.1 km² dominated by farmland and shrub. The suggested ecological restoration regions in Beijing consisted of the above mentioned three, with a total area of about 5606 km²., accounting for 34.16% of the total area of Beijing. (2) The area of ecological conservation suggested was 6391 km², accounting for 38.95% of the total area of Beijing, mainly distributed in the northern and southwestern mountainous areas. The forest, shrub, grassland and wetland accounted for 54.81%, 34.38%, 6.53% and 4.27% of the total area of the ecological conservation space, respectively. The ecological conservation areas of Beijing could conserve 79.63% of Beijing''s water retention service, 74.97% of soil conservation, 58.79% of flood regulation and storage, and 60.3% of Beijing''s natural habitat. The spatial identification system of ecological restoration and conservation constructed in this study could not only serve as scientific basis for ecological restoration and conservation planning and ecological security pattern construction in Beijing, but also provide references for ecological restoration and conservation in other areas.