岷江上游生态补偿的博弈论

为了建立合理的生态补偿机制,制定更为科学的生态补偿政策,以岷江上游退耕还林补偿为例,运用博弈论模型考察了岷江上游现有生态补偿机制,以及在补偿政策实践过程中补偿主体与补偿对象之间的决策和行为过程.结果表明:(1)长期来看,生态补偿政策的实施效果不完全在于补偿金额的大小,仅仅依靠提高对生态建设者(保护者)的补偿标准来保护环境是不明智的;(2)生态补偿年限对岷江上游地区生态补偿政策的实施效果起着重要作用,政府制定生态补偿政策时应该将补偿年限纳入政策制定范畴中,并作为重点考虑的因素;(3)岷江上游地区第三产业的发展水平及生态建设者(保护者)外出务工收入水平的高低直接影响生态建设工程实施的效果;(4)对生态补偿的重要策略是应该通过建立相应的配套措施来增加农民务工的机会.

Game theory on the ecological compensation of the upper reaches of Minjiang River

Ecological compensatory mechanism is an important approach to regulate the balance between ecological conservation and regional economy, as a consequence of which promotes regional sustainable development. As an important component of ecological screen of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, the upper reaches of Minjiang River plays a significant role in conserving water source, nursing biodiversity, and mitigating climate change. As yet, few reports have been published on ecological compensatory mechanism of this region, which is difficult to make needs of ecological screen of the upper reaches of Yangtze River. Therefore, present ecological compensation policy, the decisions and processes of compensation body (government) and object (ecological conservator and constructor) of the upper reaches of Minjiang River were here analyzed to provide with scientific basis for watershed management and by a case from conversion farmland to forests, employing the method of game theory model. In long term, the effects of ecological compensation policy did not depended on the compensation standard, implying that the approach only through improving the compensation standard could not make ecological constructor or ecological conservator protect the environment. Year number of ecological compensation played a crucial role in improving the effects of ecological compensation policy in the studied region, as a consequence of which more attentions should be given to the year number of ecological compensation in making a decision of ecological compensation policy. The levels of local tertiary industry development and the income of labor which was ecological constructor and conservator directly influenced ecological construction project. An important strategy of ecological compensation policy was to increase employment opportunities for farmer by establishing the corresponding measures. However, diverse ecological compensation approaches needed to be studied deeply in the future.