珠三角河网区典型生境植物群落构成特征及生态修复

如何实现生态文明建设与三生空间高度混杂地区的高质量协同发展是珠三角河网区新时期面对的重要难题。以2018—2021年间积累的第一手田野调查资料为基础,针对广佛地区20处样地202个样点,综合生态学数量分析与风景园林学空间分析方法,研究河网区典型生境的植物群落构成特征及应用。结果表明：(1)珠三角河网区植物物种丰富,维管束植物共122科382属551种;植物群落“乔、灌、草、藤本”垂直结构完整,但乡土植物占比较低、外来入侵较严重;(2)动物友好植物种类丰富,共有鸟类友好植物88种、昆虫类友好植物90种、鱼类两栖类友好植物34种,但缺乏针对动物友好生境的科学配置;(3)河网区包括滨水、坑塘、农田、聚落四类典型生境以及9个稳定的植物群系,但在长期人为干扰下其生态功能和水乡风貌特征被严重削弱。最后,以佛山大美公园为例,探讨了以恢复河网区生物多样性和特色景观风貌为目标的生态修复实践。研究为珠三角河网区地域性景观恢复和三生空间混杂区域的近自然生态修复提供了重要的规划设计蓝本和实践示范。

Characteristics of plant community composition and application of typical habitats' ecological restoration in the river network area of the Pearl River Delta

How to realize the high-quality coordinated development between the construction of ecological civilization and the highly mixed areas of production, living and ecological space is an important problem faced by the river network area of the Pearl River Delta in the new era. Based on the first-hand field survey data from 2018 to 2021, aiming at 202 sample points in 20 sample plots in Guangzhou-Foshan area, this paper studied the composition characteristics and application of plant communities in typical habitats in river network area by integrating quantitative analysis method of ecology and spatial analysis method of landscape architecture. The results show as follows. Firstly, there are abundant plant species in the river network area of the Pearl River Delta, with 551 species of vascular plants belonging to 382 genera and 122 families; The vertical structure of "arbor, shrub, grass and vine" of plant community is complete, but the proportion of native plants is relatively low and the alien invasion is more serious. Secondly, there are abundant species of animal friendly plants, including 88 species of bird friendly plants, 90 species of insect friendly plants and 34 species of fish and amphibian friendly plants, but there is a lack of scientific allocation for animal friendly habitats. Thirdly, the river network area includes four typical habitats of waterfront, dike-pond, farmland and settlement, as well as nine stable flora, but its ecological function and features of water town landscape have been seriously weakened under long-term human disturbance. Finally, taking the Damei Park in Foshan as an example, this paper discusses the practice of ecological restoration aimed at restoring biodiversity and characteristic landscape style in the river network area. This paper provides an important planning and design blueprint and practical demonstration for the regional landscape restoration in the river network area of the Pearl River Delta and the near natural ecological restoration in the mixed area of production, living and ecological space.