生态位态势理论与扩充假说

生态位态势理论，即从个体到生物圈，无论是自然还是社会中的生物单元都具有生态和势两个方面的属性，态是指生物的状态，是过去生长发育，学习，社会经济发展以及与环境相互和积累的结果；势是指生物单元对环境的现实影响力或支配力，始能量和物质变换的速率，生产力，生物增长率，经济增长率，占据新生境的能力，生物单元态的变化一般呈“Ｓ”型曲线，而势的变化则呈“钟”型曲线，特定生态系统中某生物单元的生态位即是该生物单元

THE NICHE ECOSTATE-ECOROLE THEORY AND EXPANSION HYPOTHESIS

The niche ecostate-ecorole theory and niche expansion hypothesis were developed inthis paper. Each biological unit from individual to biosphere exits in a certain ecostate and hasits own ecorole in the environment. The "ecostate" of the biological unit is the accumiated re-sult of growth and development, learning, socio-economical development and the interactingwith surrounding environment in the past. The "ecorole" are the current effects on the envi-ronments, such as the rate of energy and matter exchange, productivity, growth rate, eco-nomic development rate and expanding rate for new space etc.. The varying curve of ecostateof biological unit is typicaly shaped as "S", the varying curve of ecorole of biological unit shapedlike a kind of "normal curve". The niche of a biological unit is the percentages of its ecostateand ecorole to the total ecostate and ecorole of all concerned units in a certain ecosystem, whichreflected its relative importance and the function status. The increase of the ecostate and eco-role caused by the growth potential in a biological unit is called "niche expansion". Niche ex-pansion is the momentum of the development and evoluation of the biosphere and the instinctcharacteristics of a leaving system. The rneasurement methods for ecostate and ecorole weretested in seven examples. The speclal properties of human niche expansion was also discussedhere.