基于协整理论的经济增长与生态环境变化关系分析——以重庆市渝东南地区为例

许多研究文献忽略了经济增长和生态环境质量的双向作用机制,从而导致了变量之间的内生性偏差。与以往研究相比,主要在以下几方面进行分析:1)采用脉冲响应函数来分别考察生态环境与经济增长这两类变量之间的动态冲击反应。2)运用预测方差分解技术来考察经济增长与生态环境变化在解释因素变动时的相对重要性。结论:经济增长与生态环境之间存在长期的均衡关系,非平稳序列的经济增长指标、生态环境因子经过一阶差分后变得平稳,均为一阶单整,存在协整统计关系。从长期来看,人均GDP与废气排放量、固废排放量呈现负相关,而与矿产开采总量、化肥使用强度呈现正相关。其高度正相关性实证了该地区主要靠资源开发拉动经济增长。脉冲响应分析表明,快速经济增长是影响生态环境质量的重要原因,生态环境质量变化对经济增长存在着反作用力。就响应效果而言,生态环境对经济增长的负向响应表明生态环境退化将导致人们对生态环境质量需求偏好的改变,从而对经济增长进程的变化产生外在压力,但生态环境对经济增长的反馈效应具有滞后性。

Co-integration theory-based analysis on relationships between economic growth and eco-environmental changes: taking the southeast district in Chongqing city as an example

Ecological environment plays a critical role in the economic development, but ecological environment conservation and economic growth always shows like the two sides of a contradiction. While many countries and regions achieved high-speed economic growth, these actions also led to over exploration and consumption of ecological environment resources which further caused serious environment pollution and ecological damage. Combining all the literatures, the action mechanism of influence of eco-environment changes has on economic growth can be concluded into 3 kinds, but most of the literatures ignored the two-way influence mechanism of economic growth and ecological environment. Just because the back reaction of ecological environment has on economic growth was ignored, which led to the variable deviation, it is because economic growth itself is endogenous variable together determined by environment change and other factors.