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资源型城市土地利用变化的景观过程响应——以黑龙江省大庆市为例
引用本文:臧淑英,黄樨,郑树峰.资源型城市土地利用变化的景观过程响应——以黑龙江省大庆市为例[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1699-1706.
作者姓名:臧淑英  黄樨  郑树峰
作者单位:1. 哈尔滨师范大学生命与环境科学学院,哈尔滨,150080
2. 南京林业大学,南京,210037
基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(40271044),黑龙江省科技攻关资助项目(GB04D102),黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZTF2005-32)~~
摘    要:土地利用与土地覆盖变化直接或间接地改变着景观生态系统的结构和功能,进而影响地表各种景观过程。地表景观过程的改变,必然对人类赖以生存的生态环境产生程度不同的影响。黑龙江省大庆市作为典型的资源型城市(以石油、草场和耕地资源发展起来),是人地关系作用最强烈的区域之一,也是土地利用发生急剧变化且具有特色的区域。揭示该区域土地利用的时空变化特征和变化规律,探讨土地利用变化的景观生态趋势及对生态环境的可能影响等,对于资源型城市生态环境改善,产业结构调整及实现资源型城市可持续发展尤为重要。为此,基于大庆市1978,1988,1992,1996,2001年5个时段的MSS和TM影像,获取20余年不同时期的土地利用信息,以GIS技术为数据集成分析平台,计算土地利用转移概率矩阵,景观格局指数和主要景观组分的转移过程贡献率,以期从景观格局的角度定量刻画区域景观过程对土地利用变化的响应。结果表明,区域内耕地不断增加,草地持续减少,建设用地和林地逐渐扩大,而湿地则一直大幅度减少;耕地和草地是区域的主要景观类型,但二者的景观动态及过程却不相同,耕地的景观过程表现为空间集中性加强,而草地的破碎化程度加强,景观组分间的转移过程频繁,景观不稳定;对维持当地生态系统稳定起重要作用的湿地景观,其破碎化过程最为明显且面积和平均斑块面积都在迅速减少,这种景观过程将对当地生态环境变化造成负面影响。草地退化,湿地萎缩和功能减退,沙化和盐碱化日趋严重等生态过程,是土地利用变化的景观生态过程响应,恢复与建设生态脆弱的资源型城市的景观生态系统,须对景观尺度上的土地利用方式进行合理的调控,而这一调控的有效途径在于政策、体制的调整和观念的变化。

关 键 词:土地利用  景观过程  生态响应  资源型城市
文章编号:1000-0933(2005)07-1699-08
收稿时间:11 1 2004 12:00AM
修稿时间:2004-11-01

Landscape processing response analysis on landuse development trend of natural resources based city:a case study in Daqing city
ZANG Shuying,HUANG Xi and ZHENG Shufeng.Landscape processing response analysis on landuse development trend of natural resources based city:a case study in Daqing city[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1699-1706.
Authors:ZANG Shuying  HUANG Xi and ZHENG Shufeng
Institution:College of Life and Environment Science; Harbin Normal University; Harbin; China
Abstract:Landuse and land coverage conversion have been affecting the function and structure of landscape ecological system directly or indirectly, furthermore it influences the landscape processing in the surface of the earth. The landscape processing affects the ecological environment that the human beings live in at different degrees. The city of Daqing in Heilongjiang province is a typical city developed on the natural resources (such as fuel oil resources, grass land resources, and arable land resources), and it is a serious region of human actions on the earth, meanwhile it is also a special region with the characteristics of great landuse change. It is very important to improve the ecological environment, adjust industrial structures, and realize sustainable development of the natural resources based city, through our research on the laws and features of the landuse change in the dimension of time and space, and landscape ecological change trend and potential ecological environment development converted based on the landuse change. So, the authors analyzed the landuse data for 20 years based on the MSS and TM imagines in the years of 1978,1988,1992,1996,and 2001 in the city of Daqing. The authors calculated the landuse conversion probability matrix, landscape pattern index, contribution rate of major landscape components based on the GIS data collective platform, so as to analyze the impacts and responses of landuse change and landscape processing. The results demonstrated that: in the field region, the cultivated land is increasing, but grassland is decreasing, construction and forestation lands are enlarging, while the wetland is decreasing dramatically. The main landscape types are arable land and grassland in the region, but the dynamics and the processing of landscape of these two types are different, the features of landscape processing of cultivated land are concentrated in spatial pattern, but for the grassland, the features of the landscape processing are the fragmentation of the land use pattern, and the conversion of the landscape components very frequent, and the landscape pattern is not stable. The wetland landscape, which is very important for sustaining the local ecological system, the fragmentation process is the most prominent landscape processing, and the average area of the agglomeration decreases rapidly, and that resulted in a negative influence on the local ecological system. The ecological processes of grass land degradation, the wetland retreat, desertification, and salinification and basification are the landscape ecological processing responses of landuse conversion. It is essential to adjust the landuse pattern to rehabilitate and construct the fragile ecological system of natural resources based cities, and the effective strategies for the adjustment are the conversion of policies, governance, and the thinking system.
Keywords:landuse  landscape processing  ecological response  natural resources based city
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