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干旱半干旱区氮沉降生态效应研究进展
引用本文:周晓兵,张元明.干旱半干旱区氮沉降生态效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3835-3845.
作者姓名:周晓兵  张元明
作者单位:1. 中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100049
2. 中国科学院绿洲生态与荒漠环境重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐,830011
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目,国家自然科学基金 
摘    要:随着人类活动干扰的加剧以及全球气候变化,大气氮沉降的生态效应日益成为人们关注的焦点.氮沉降的增加能够带来生态系统结构和功能的改变,引起一系列生态效应.氮沉降对干旱半干旱地区生态系统的影响主要包括以下方面:(1)在干旱半干旱地区,氮沉降主要以脉冲形式进入氮循环进而影响其它生态过程;(2)氮沉降能够增加土壤氮矿化和土壤无机氮浓度,但氮循环还会受许多其它因素的影响;(3)氮沉降对土壤微生物代谢活动有很强的促进作用,但对其生物量的影响存在争议;(4)氮沉降能够影响植物生产力、根的生长,其效应主要受到水的调节作用;(5)氮沉降能够降低本地种的物种丰富度,有利于外来1年生物种的入侵.

关 键 词:干旱地区  氮沉降  氮循环  微生物  生产力
收稿时间:2008/4/10 0:00:00
修稿时间:2008/10/20 0:00:00

Review on the ecological effects of N deposition in arid and semi-arid areas
ZHOU Xiao-Bing,ZHANG Yuan-Ming.Review on the ecological effects of N deposition in arid and semi-arid areas[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(7):3835-3845.
Authors:ZHOU Xiao-Bing  ZHANG Yuan-Ming
Abstract:The ecological effect of atmospheric N deposition has become a hot issue along with intensive human activities and global climatic change. N deposition can result in a great change of ecosystem's structure and function, leading to a serial of ecological effects. In this article we reviewed the ecological consequence of N deposition in arid and semi-arid ecosystem as follow: (1) the characteristic of N deposition in arid and semi-arid area is that the nitrogen enters into the N cycle in a form of pulse, impacting other ecological processes. (2) N deposition can increase the mineralization of organic nitrogen and the content of inorganic N in the soil. N cycle can also be affected by other factors. (3) N deposition has a positive effect on the metabolic activity of microbe in soil, and there are still some argues on the effect on microbial biomass. (4) N deposition can influence plant productivity, root growth, although these effects are also regulated by water availability. (5) N deposition can reduce the abundance of endemic species and is benefit to the invasion of exotic species.
Keywords:arid area  N deposition  N cycle  microbe  productivity
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