景观生态学的学科前沿与发展战略

根据美国景观生态学2001年年会关于景观生态学的关键议题和研究领域特别专题的讨论，综合16位国际知名专家所发表的关于深化理论、整合协调和方法改进等方面的意见，深入论述了景观生态学的6项关键议题和10个优先研究领域。包括通过景观镶嵌体的生态流，土地利用和土地覆被变化的过程、机制，非线性动态和景观复杂性，尺度转换方法论的发展，景观指标与生态过程，人类活动与景观生态，景观格局的优化，景观保育与可持续性，资料获取与准确性评价。并对构建中国景观生态学的理论框架提出了初步的想法，即发展以格局——过程关系为中心的生态空间理论，以人类活动有序化为中心的景观生态建设理论，以发挥景观多重价值为中心的景观规划理论。

Forefronts and future strategies of landscape ecology

According to the discussion on key issues and the scopes of landscape ecology during the 16 th IALE-US annual conference in 2001, 6 key issues and 10 leading topics were explained, which synthesized the opinions on theory and methodology of 16 internationally famed landscape ecologists. The 6 key issues dealt with: (1) interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity, with researchers from different fields, planners, managers, social scientists and decision makers working closely together on ecological issues at the scale of landscape; (2) integration between basic research and applications, following the reciprocal, that research guides for applications and applications give feedback to research; (3) conceptual and theoretical developments, to incorporate the rapidly developing science of complexity (such as nonlinear dynamics, hierarchy, and self organization); (4) education and training for students and professionals with different interests and backgrounds; (5) international scholarly communication and collaborations, through regional and international conferences, scholar exchanges and cooperative projects; and (6) a reach out and communication with the public and with decision makers, supported by information technology and Internet. ;The top 10 topics included: (1) Ecological flow in land mosaics, including materials (organisms), energy and information flow across landscape mosaics; (2) Consequences, processes and scenarios of landuse/landcover change, in combination with economic geography and resource-economy; (3) non-linear dynamics and landscape complexity, with methods and concepts like self-organization, complex adaptive systems, nonlinear dynamics, phase transition, and metastability; (4) scaling, up or down across heterogeneous landscapes; (5) development of methodology, from spatial sampling, pseudo repetition and auto-correlation to ecological modeling; (6) the relationship between landscape metrics and ecological processes; (7) integration of human activity and landscape ecology, which is increasingly prominent theoretically and practically; (8) optimization of landscape pattern, incorporated in land management and planning; (9) landscape conservation and sustainability, focusing on biodiversity and endangered landscapes; and (10) data sources and accuracy evaluation for the broad-scale patterns and processes involved in landscape ecological research. The authors also expressed preliminary ideas on the establishment of a theoretical frame for landscape ecology in China, covering: (1) the theory of spatial ecology focusing on the relationship between pattern and processes, (2) the theory of landscape construction focusing on ordered human activity, and (3) the theory of landscape planning focusing on the multi-value character of landscapes.