可持续景观规划——融合景观可持续性研究与地理设计

人类活动对景观的影响遍及世界各个角落,其广度、强度、频度不断增大。为了改变生态环境在人类社会经济增长压力下的不可持续状态,景观需要科学合理的设计与管理。可持续景观规划是在景观尺度上,在可持续性科学的指导下,平衡生态系统服务的供需关系,将生态、社会、经济活动过程反映到空间优化上,不断提高人类福祉的规划过程。为了能够实践该规划思路,在景观可持续性研究与地理设计融合的概念框架基础上,提出可持续景观规划的八个步骤,在问题诊断与目标设定、多源数据组织与管理、尺度匹配与多尺度分析、景观格局过程分析和可持续性评估、生态系统服务与景观格局关系模拟、情景分析与方案评估、地理设计平台搭建、可视化与人机互动等关键步骤中,融入了强-弱可持续性、多尺度分析、生态系统服务、可持续性指标、大数据应用,以及文化和地方感。研究提出的可持续性景观规划步骤与实现路径体现了多学科交叉、实时评估反馈、信息技术应用、利益相关者参与的特点,可被用于旨在提高人类福祉的多尺度空间优化和可持续景观设计。

Sustainable landscape planning: integrating landscape sustainability research with GeoDesign

The scope, intensity, and frequency of human influences on landscapes have been increasing rapidly all over the world. In order to change the unsustainable state of the environment which is pressured by human activities, landscapes need to be planned and managed properly following scientific principles. Sustainable landscape planning is a sustainability science-based planning process that aims to balance the supply and demand of ecosystem services at the landscape scale, spatially optimizes ecological, social and economic processes, and ultimately improves human wellbeing. In order to implement this planning idea, here we propose an eight-step framework of sustainable landscape planning, which integrates landscape sustainability research and GeoDesign. Strong/weak sustainability, multiple scales, ecosystem services, sustainability indicators, big data application, and culture and sense of place are integrated into the key steps of problem diagnosis and goal setting, organization and management of multisource data, scale matching and multiscale analysis, landscape pattern-process analysis and sustainability assessment, landscape pattern-ecosystem services relationship simulation, scenario analysis and scheme evaluation, GeoDesign platform construction, and visualization and human-computer interaction. The procedural steps and implementation pathways of sustainable landscape planning proposed in this study are characterized by interdisciplinarity, real-time evaluation feedbacks, use of advanced information technologies, and stakeholder participation, which can be used for multi-scale spatial optimization and sustainable landscape design to enhance human wellbeing.