浙江省城市生态位尺度效应

作为社会复合生态系统的重要理论,城市生态位一直是研究重点,但缺少尺度效应的深入观察。以浙江省为例,首次将地市-区县-乡镇三个尺度进行横向对比,构建了多个尺度适用的城市生态位评价模型。研究通过生态位宽度、生态位重叠度、生态位分异指数和引力模型方法,对825个乡镇,71个区县和11个地市的3个尺度的生态位进行了探讨。研究结果表明:从生态位宽度来看,浙江省的生态位发展不均衡,地市尺度呈现反"C"结构,衢州市和丽水市生态位宽度最小,杭州市、湖州市和宁波市生态位宽度最大。且研究尺度越大、生态位宽度越大,则尺度效应作用越大。从生态位分异程度来看,随着尺度的缩小,分异程度逐渐增大,其中社会生态位分异程度最大。表明尺度效应在发展越不平衡的生态位维度中作用力越大。从生态位重叠度和引力模型来看,生态位宽度小的区域往往面临竞争难以摆脱困境,而生态位宽度大的区域更容易将竞争转化为合作。出现强者越强,弱者越弱的两极分化现象,丽水市和衢州市竞争最激烈而杭州市和宁波市合作更为便利。浙江省各地市可以通过资源再造、协同发展和借力帮扶策略优化区域发展。

Scale effect of urban niche in Zhejiang Province

As an important theory of social complex ecosystem, urban niche has always been the focus of research, but there is a lack of in-depth observation of scale effect at present. Taking Zhejiang Province as an example, this paper made a horizontal comparison of three scales of city-district-town for the first time, and constructed an urban niche evaluation model applicable to multiple scales. In this study, niche width, niche overlap, niche differentiation index and gravity model were used to investigate the niche of 825 townships, 71 districts, and 11cites at three scales. The results indicate that: from the perspective of niche breadth, the niche development of Zhejiang Province is unbalanced, and the city scale presents an anti "C" structure. Quzhou city and Lishui city have the smallest niche breadth, while Hangzhou city, Huzhou city and Ningbo city have the largest niche breadth. The larger the research scale and niche width, the greater the scale effect. From the perspective of niche differentiation, the degree of niche differentiation gradually increases with the decrease of scale, and the degree of social niche differentiation is the largest. It shows that the more unbalanced the development is, the greater the scale effect is. Furthermore, from the niche overlap degree and gravity model, the study found that the regions with small niche width often faced greater competition and were difficult to get out of troubles, while the regions with large niche width were more likely to transform competition into cooperation. As a result, there is a polarization phenomenon that the stronger the stronger and the weaker the weaker. The competition between Lishui city and Quzhou city is the fiercest, while the cooperation between Hangzhou city and Ningbo city is more convenient. Therefore, cities in Zhejiang Province can optimize regional development through resource reengineering, synergistic development and supporting strategies.