湟水国家湿地公园湿地价值及其辐射格局研究

评估湿地价值量并分析价值的空间分布情况,对湿地保护管理和区域规划利用具有重要的指导意义。以青海西宁湟水湿地公园为研究区,构建一套适合高原城市湿地的生态系统服务评价体系,采用功能价值法和断裂点模型法,分析公园的湿地价值及其辐射格局特征。结果表明:(1) 2020年湟水国家湿地公园的15项生态系统服务的总价值为6.18亿元,四大服务价值量按照价值高低排序依次为文化服务、调节服务、支持服务和供给服务;(2) 5个评价区中,湟水主河道的价值最高,其次为北川湿地和海湖湿地,最后是火烧沟公园和宁湖湿地;(3) 5大湿地区生态系统服务的辐射范围由大到小依次为:宁湖湿地>北川湿地>湟水主河道>海湖湿地>火烧沟公园;对湿地服务辐射范围叠加处理后,形成1个核心区和5个次核心区域;(4)湟水国家湿地公园的生态系统服务存在空间溢出情况,湟水主河道的生态系统服务向周边湿地公园溢出,其他四个湿地区之间生态系统服务存在相互溢出和叠加的现象。

Wetland value and its radiation pattern of the Huangshui National Wetland Park

Evaluation of wetland ecosystem services and its spatial distribution is of great significance for wetland conservation, management and sustainable utilization. There are characteristics of population agglomeration, sensitive and fragile ecological environment, disturbed by human activities, and great demand for wetlands in plateau cities. However, due to the constraints of climate and geographical conditions, some wetland ecosystem services are very limited. Taking the Huangshui National Wetland Park (HNWP) as a case study, the current paper constructed an ecosystem service evaluation system that is suitable for plateau city wetland. Combined field investigation data with the analysis of experimental data, we analyzed the wetland value and its radiation pattern characteristics by using function value methods and the break-point model. The results showed that: (1) the total value of the 15 ecosystem services from HNWP was 6.18×10⁸ Yuan in 2020. Four types of the ecosystem services were sorted through large to small as cultural services, regulation services, support services and supply services. The value of each ecosystem service from high to low was humidification > recreation services > heritage value > existence value > surface water storage > river sediment transport > culture and education research > temperature regulation > biodiversity protection > ecological and environmental water use > air filtration> oxygen release > carbon fixation > sewage treatment > harvestable plant products. (2) In the five wetland parks of the HNWP, the value of the Huangshui River was the highest, followed by the Beichuan wetland, the Haihu wetland, the Huoshaogou wetland and the Ninghu wetland. (3) The order for radiation pattern from large to small was Ninghu Wetland, Beichuan Wetland, Huangshui River, the Haihu Wetland and the Huoshaogou Wetland. A core area and five sub-core areas of the ecosystem services were formed after the overlap of the wetland service radiation pattern. (4) There was spatial spillover of ecosystem services in the HNWP. The ecosystem services from Huangshui River overflow to the surrounding wetland parks, and there were mutual spillover and superposition of ecosystem services among Haihu Wetland, Beichuan Wetland, Ninghu Wetland and Huoshaogou wetland. Overall, the results of this study focused on the ecosystem services of urban wetlands, clarified the boundary of ecosystem services on the basis of the evaluation, and determined the spillover and superposition of ecosystem service between different wetlands in the same region. The information may support the sustainable utilization of plateau urban wetlands, which provides a reference for implementing ecological civilization construction.