鄱阳湖流域非繁殖期鸟类多样性

2010年11月-2011年3月,采用样线和样点法相结合,对鄱阳湖流域非繁殖期鸟类种类及数量进行了调查.共记录鸟类13目36科106种.其中,国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类10种.居留型方面,留鸟和冬候鸟最多,分别占鸟类物种总数的56.60％和35.85％.鸟类区系上,古北界种类最多,占41.51％；其次是东洋界鸟类,占32.08％.鸟类物种数1月份和3月份最多,多样性和均匀度指数均以12月份和3月份最高,以11月份和2月份最低.欧氏距离显示,修水段、龙虎山段和靖安段与其他河段的鸟类组成差异较大.宜黄段、耳口段和浮梁段的鸟类组成比较相近.研究结果表明,鸟类的相似度与各河段间隔的距离无关,而可能与当地的生境密切相关.鄱阳湖流域分布着一些濒危鸟类,然而人类活动如采砂、非法捕鱼等严重影响了这些鸟类的生存环境.因此建议降低人类活动强度,维持鄱阳湖流域鸟类多样性.

Preliminary study on bird composition and diversity in Poyang Lake watershed during non-breeding period

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It receives the water from Ganjiang River, Fuhe River, Xiushui River, Raohe River, Xinjiang River. Poyang Lake provides good resting and foraging habitats for tens of thousands wintering birds every year. Howevr, the researches of birds only focus on monitoring of the distribution and number in Poyang lake. The bird composition and diversity in Poyang Lake watershed are unknown. From November 2010 to March 2011, bird diversity was surveyed using line transects and point counts methods in four rivers of Poyang Lake watershed. Eight sections of five rivers are included to investigate the bird diversity in Poyang Lake watershed. A total of 106 species belonging to 36 families, 13 orders were recorded. Of the 106 species, one species is listed in the first category of the nationally protected wildlife species in China and ten species are listed in the second category of the nationally protected wildlife species. Residents and winter migrants are the most abundant species, which account for 56.60% and 35.85% of total species, respectively. In term of avifauna, Palaearctic elements,accounting for 41.51%, are the most common species, followed by Oriental elements (32.08%). The number of species was high in January and March. Diversity and evenness indices are highest in December and March and lowest in November and February. The results from Cluster analysis showed Xiushui, Longhushan and Ji`an sections had different bird composition from other river sections. Yihuang, Erkou and Fuliang had the similar bird composition. Our results suggested that bird composition similarity among river sections is related to local microhabitats and not to distance between two river sections. Some endangered species were detected during this study. However human activities such as digging sand, illegal fishing were affecting these endangered species survival. So decreasing intensity of human activities and maintain bird diversity were suggested to protect the endangered species in the Poyang Lake watershed. Our results can provide basic data for bird diversity conservation and management.