区域生态风险管理研究进展

近20a来,随着生态风险评价研究的不断深化,区域生态风险评价的理论和方法日臻完善,与此紧密相关的生态风险管理日益受到了广泛关注.生态风险管理具有基于监控的反馈机制、风险受害者参与、程序灵活非线性化、关注成本效益等共同点.总结了国内外生态风险管理的研究进展,发现近年来生态风险管理的研究多是基于生态风险评价的结果,针对不同的风险类型和等级采取不同的管理措施.国内现有的研究对灾害风险管理的体系、机制建设较为成熟,但区域生态风险管理的机制研究尤其是预警和防范方面研究尚不成熟.基于此,构建了基于风险来临前、风险到来时和风险过后的区域生态风险管理的基本框架,研究结果对生态风险管理理论的构建和实践应用具有重要的意义.

Progress of ecological risk management research: a review

During the past 20 years, with more studies on the ecological risk assessment, the theories and methods of the regional ecological risk assessment improves greatly, meanwhile the ecological risk management receives widespread attention increasingly. The researches on the ecological risk management have the common characteristics, namely, monitoring-based feedback, stakeholder input, more flexible and less linear processes and the importance of cost effectiveness in the context of limited resources. This paper summarizes the ecological risk management research progress at home and abroad in recent years. It finds that most of the researches are focus on the solutions to different kinds and levels ecological risk, which is based on the ecological risk assessment. Domestic existed researches on hazard risk management system and the building of mechanisms are relative mature, but the research on the mechanism of the regional ecological risk management is still needed. As a conclusion, this paper puts forward the principles and the concept of the ecological risk management and constructs the basic framework of the regional ecological risk management, including before risk, risk and after risk. The results would play a great significance on the theory and practices of ecological risk management.