采石场悬崖生态系统自然演替初期土壤和植被特征

对位于珠江三角洲地区的3个已关闭3a、5a和6a的采石场(分别记为1、2、3号石场)悬崖上的土壤特征和自然植被进行了调查和分析。结果表明,采石悬崖是非常极端的生境,悬崖上绝大部分地方为裸露岩石,仅在某些凹陷和缝隙处聚集有少量土壤,土层厚度一般小于1cm;3个悬崖上土壤的机械组成以石砾和沙粒为主,约占土壤总颗粒的94%;虽然土壤肥力指标多属中等偏低水平,但相对于南方荔枝园土壤,3悬崖土壤的肥力状况并不算差。经过3～6a的自然恢复,采石场悬崖上逐步形成有稀疏、丛状分布的草本植物群落,植被盖度和植物种类随恢复时间的推移而有所增加。1号石场悬崖的植被平均盖度为10.6%,植物种类有3科8属8种;2号石场的植被平均盖度为18.6%,植物种类有6科11属11种;3号石场的植被平均盖度为23.4%,植物种类有7科12属12种。早期定居的植物主要是禾本科和菊科的草本植物,其中红毛草和类芦在群落中占绝对优势,恢复5a后开始出现马樱丹、野牡丹和岗松等耐旱的阳性灌木。

Natural vegetation and edaphic conditions on the cliff of abandoned quarries in early restoration

Due to the rapid economic development of China since 1980s, a large number of quarries have been exploited around the country to provide large quantities of construction materials for meeting various demands. Quarry cliff face represents a specific and extreme habitat that is often unsuitable for plants growth. Attentions have been paid to their restoration all over the world. In terms of restoration, the knowledge of natural vegetation and edaphic conditions is valuable information. However, previous studi...