河流生态系统健康研究现状与展望——基于文献计量研究

河流生态系统健康是生态系统服务供给和流域可持续发展的基础,亟需从其内涵、影响、评价等方面进行系统归纳。运用文献计量梳理国内外文献,归纳了河流生态系统健康在河流自身、人类需求、管理目标3个方面的内涵;并从人类活动、土地利用、河流生境、水质、水量、气候变化等几个方面归纳了影响河流生态系统健康的主要因素和机理;明确了现有的河流生态系统健康评价方法,包括指示生物法、综合指标法、数学模型法等,总结了它们的优缺点和适用范围。最后,从河流生态系统健康的概念内涵、评价指标和水陆耦合等方面提出了存在的问题,建议进行流域整体的河流生态系统健康评价、跨区域的综合评价对比、多学科评价指标、河流廊道等几个方面的深入研究。

A review on river ecosystem health research

The river ecosystem provides significant ecosystem services which are the bases of watershed sustainable manangement. Rivers are the natural ecosystems that humans and other living things depend on for survival. Throughout the history of human civilization, river ecosystems have played an important role in the origin and development of human society. Therefore, river ecosystems and human systems are integrated and interacted. By reviewing the current studies, we concluded that the definition of river ecosystem health was determined by the river itself, human demands, and management targets. The influencing factors of river ecosystem health included anthropogenic activities, land use, river habitat, water quality, water quantity, and climate change. Based on these factors, several assessment methods have been developed, including indicative species, integrated index, and mathematical model. Last, we conclued the main issues needing further research, such as the understanding of concept, assessment criteria, and land-water coupling. We must realize that healthy river ecosystems can not completely eliminate the intervence of human activities, which is not a zero-sum game. Therefore, we need to pay attention to the river health to guide river basin managers and protect river ecosystems. The further research should be enhanced by judging the river ecosystem health from a comprehensive view. The health of river ecosystem needs a healthy watershed. As an ecological corridor, river habitat should be investigeated by combining the local and regional influencing factors. The trans-regional comparsion of rive ecosystem health should be developed by a coherent criterion from the water sampling, data analysis, and result assessment. In addition, new data sources can bring benefits for the assessment of river ecosystem healthy, including remote sensing data, spatial data, and other big data.