基于地类边界分析的江苏省生态安全格局构建

生态安全格局是实现区域生态安全的基本保障和重要途径,能够有效缓解生态保护与经济发展的矛盾。以江苏省为研究区,通过生态服务重要性、生态环境敏感性的保护等级确定两级生态源地。选择具有生态优势的耕地、林地、水体两两分别进行边界分析,用于修正根据单一地类形成的阻力面,并与由人口空间分布所构建的阻力面结合,形成研究区综合阻力面。基于最小阻力模型识别生态廊道,开展生态空间布局优化,构建省域生态安全格局。结果表明:研究区一级源地面积2089.28 km~2,占研究区总面积的2.00%,二级源地面积7944.92 km~2,占研究区总面积的9.60%;生态廊道总长2284.89 km,廊道相互连接,整体呈"井"字空间分布,廊道相接处又是生态源地分布聚集点,经过生态要素空间优化,从而构建"四带四区"的生态安全格局。利用地类边界分析构建阻力面,可为生态安全格局构建方法提供新思路,研究结果可为江苏省的区域生态保护提供科学依据。

Construction of ecological security pattern based on boundary analysis: a case study on Jiangsu Province

The ecological security pattern is the basic guarantee and important way to achieve regional ecological security, which can effectively alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development. Taking Jiangsu Province as the research area, two levels of ecological sources were determined through the importance of ecological services, ecological environment sensitivity and protection level. The ecologically advantageous land-use types containing the cultivated land, forest land and water body were selected for boundary analysis respectively for correcting the resistance surface based on land-use types. The corrected resistance surface was combined with the resistance surface constructed by the spatial distribution of the population to form the comprehensive resistance surface. The ecological corridors were identified based on the minimum resistance model. Then, the provincial ecological security pattern was constructed and optimized. The results show that the primary source area of the study area is 2908.28 km², accounting for 2.00% of the total area, and the secondary source area is 7944.92 km², accounting for 9.60% of the total area. The total length of the ecological corridor is 2284.89 km. The areas where the corridors are interconnected, are the integration of the ecological elements. The overall distribution of the ecological security pattern is "four belts and four districts". This paper uses the boundary analysis of the land-use types to construct the resistance surface, which can provide new ideas for the ecological safety pattern construction method. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the regional ecological protection of Jiangsu Province.