生物群落多样性的测度方法 V.生物群落物种数目的估计方法

群落的物种数目，即物种丰富度，是最古老、同时也是最基本的一个多样性概念，从对它的估计中可以得到关于物种灭绝速率方面的信息，这对生物多样性保护是非常重要的。已经提出了很多方法来估计群落中的物种数目，这些方法可以分为两大类，即基于理论抽样的方法和基于数据分析的方法。前者包括经典估计方法和贝叶斯估计方法；后者包括对数正态分布的积分方法、再抽样方法和种－面积曲线的外推方法。发现：（１）有些方法适用于动物群落，如大多数基于理论抽样的方法；有些方法则适用于植物群落，如大多数基于数据分析的方法；（２）这些方法还没有经过全面而系统地比较；（３）还没有一个普遍认为比较好的方法。因此，建议采用野外调查与模拟研究相结合的方法对各种估计方法进行系统地评价。

MEASUREMENT OF BIOTIC COMMUNITY DIVERSITYV. METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF SPECIES IN A COMMUNITY

The number of species in a community,or the species richness,is the oldest and most fundamental concept of diversity.From its estimation we can acquire the information about species extinction rate,and this is important to the diversity conservation.Numerous methods have been proposed for estimating the number of species in a community.Some of them are theoretical sampling based,and others data analytic.The former includes frequentist and Bayesian procedures,and the latter integration of lognormal distribution,resampling methods(jackknife and bootstrap) and extrapolation of species area curves.It has been found that(1)some methods are suitable to animal communities,e.g.most of the theoretical sampling based methods,and some to plant communities,e.g.most of the data analytic methods;(2)they have not yet been compared systematically;(3)there is not as yet a globally preferable method.Therefore,It is suggested that the methods should be assessed systematically through field investigations for various communities and simulations for different conditions.