竹巴笼矮岩羊昼间行为节律和时间分配

2008年11月中旬至2009年1月中旬和2009年3月至8月,采用瞬时扫描取样法和目标取样法在竹巴笼自然保护区对矮岩羊的昼间行为节律和时间分配进行了研究,结果表明:矮岩羊的昼间行为活动有明显的节律性,活动高峰出现的时间与矮岩羊昼间取食高峰时间基本一致。取食和卧息是最主要的行为方式,分别占总观察频次的53.83%和27.76%,频次较少的是站立和移动,分别占总观察频次的9.93%和8.24%,其它行为所占频次最少,只有0.24%,昼间2个取食高峰(9:00-11:00, 17:00-19:00)和1个卧息高峰(11:00-16:00),呈现出取食-休息-取食的规律。Kruskal-Wallis H 检验表明,季节因素对矮岩羊取食(P <0.05)、卧息(P <0.05)和其它行为(P <0.05)所占时间影响显著,而对移动(P >0.05)和站立(P >0.05)行为影响不显著。各年龄段之间其它行为所占的时间比例差异显著(P<0.05),而取食(P>0.05)、移动(P>0.05)、卧息(P>0.05)和站立(P>0.05)所占时间比例差异不显著;对比分析不同性别矮岩羊昼间行为时间分配差异,雌性的取食、移动和卧息的时间略高于雄性,而站立和其他行为时间低于雄性;Mann-Whitney U 检验对不同性别矮岩羊昼间的各种行为差异进行分析表明:性别因素对矮岩羊昼间时间分配和行为节律产生一定程度的影响,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。

Diurnal activity rhythm and time budgets of the Dwarf Blue Sheep (Pseudois schaeferi) in Zhubalong Nature Reserve

The diurnal activity rhythm and the time budget of dwarf blue sheep were studied with the Scans Instantaneous Sampling and Focal Animal Sampling in the Zhubalong Nature Reserve of Sichuan Province, China, during middle of the November 2008 to middle of the January 2009, and March to August 2009. The results indicated that dwarf blue sheep's activity time occupied 72.24% and inactivity time 27.76%. The activity frequency curve showed the"U"graph. Their behaviors had stronger rhythmcity in whole observation period and the peak of activity and the peak of feeding were coincidence on the whole. The dwarf blue sheep spent 53.83% of their times on feeding 27.76% on bedding 9.93% on standing 8.24% on moving and 0.24% on the other behaviors. There were two apparently feeding peaks in their diurnal activity rhythm: the first peak at 9:00-11:00 and the second peak at 17:00-19:00. Between two feeding peeks there was one bedding peek (at 11:00-16:00). The regularity was feeding bedding feeding. There were four apparently standing peaks in their diurnal activity rhythm: the first peak at 11:00-12:00, the second peak at 13:00-15:00,the third peak at 14:00-15:00 and the fourth peak at 18:00-19:00; The peak of the moving was to follow the peak of the feeding; There were a peak of the others behavior at 17:00-19:00. Study about the rhythm behavior in difference season, there were two apparently feeding peaks and a feeding low tide in spring, summer and winter, the first feeding peak at 9:00-11:00 and the second feeding peak at 17:00-19:00, and the feeding low tide at 11:00-17:00; There were two bedding peaks in spring and winter, one bedding peak in summer; Between the peak of the moving, standing and the peak of the feeding is fairly similar, there were two others behavior peaks in winter, the daybreak-dusk characteristic of others behavior in summer, but the others behavior was seldom in spring. Kruskal-Wallis H tests indicated that the influence of different season on the time of feeding (P < 0.05), bedding (P < 0.05) and others behavior (P < 0.05) was significant, but moving (P > 0.05) and standing (P > 0.05) was not significant. About the time budget between different age, the kids feeding time is the most, then the subadults', and the adults' was the least. Compared to the kid, the subadults spent more time on others behavior, and the adults spent less time on other behavior. Kruskal-Wallis H tests indicated that the influence among different ages on the time of others behavior was significant (P < 0.05), but other four behaviors was not significant (P>0.05). Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the influence of adult and subadult on moving (P<0.05), bedding (P<0.05) and standing(P<0.05) were significant; and on the others behavior was extremely significant (P<0.01); the influence of adult and kid on the others behavior (P<0.05) was significant, and on the standing (P<0.01) was extremely significant; but the influence of five behaviors between the subadults and the kids were not significant (P>0.05). Compared to the female, the male spent more time on feeding, moving and bedding; and the female spent less time on standing and the others behavior. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the sex displayed certain influences on the time budgets and activity of dwarf blue sheep, but the influence was not significant (P > 0.05).