生态环境移动数据采集系统研究与实现

针对快速、实时、有效采集并录入生态环境野外调查大样本量、多源数据的需求，充分应用移动GIS技术、移动智能终端、3G等现代信息技术优势，提出了基于ArcGIS for Mobile的移动数据采集方案，研究解决了包括系统运行机制、数据访问模式、移动数据库技术等面向全国生态环境野外调查的移动GIS关键技术，设计并研发野外调查移动数据采集系统。该系统采用C#和Java语言，以SQL Server 2008 为服务器端的数据库环境，在Microsoft Visual Studio 2008集成开发环境上实现设计开发，并在全国生态环境10年变化遥感调查与评估项目土地覆盖类型地面核查、生态系统参数野外观测等工作中予以应用。实践检验表明：该系统实现了野外调查数据的数字采集、智能校验、实时上传与有效管理，简化了填报程序，规范了填报内容，提高了工作效率，能够为生态环境相关的调查数据采集提供信息化支持。

Research and implementation of mobile data collection system for field survey of ecological environment

The Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Chinese Academy of Sciences jointly investigated and evaluated nationwide ecological environmental changes in China from 2000 to 2010. The goal of this project was to acquire information on the change trend of the ecological environment and existing problems on a national scale, summarizing China's performance and experience in protecting the ecological environment. This ecological project handles a great quantity of data, including photographs taken during field work, positional data relating to field work, and original measurements made using many types of professional equipment. To meet the requirements of collecting and inputting these data on the ecological environment rapidly, effectively and in real time, we designed and constructed a nationwide field-data acquisition system for the ecological environment. This field-data acquisition system takes full advantage of modern information technologies, including mobile geographic information system (GIS) technology, mobile intelligent terminals, and 3G networks. Additionally, the system uses a mobile data collection scheme based on ArcGIS for Mobile. There are three components in terms of system function, namely mobile terminals, a system management website and a server. Five processes are included in the workflow of mobile data collection, namely the issuing of tasks, task analysis, data collecting, data uploading, and task reviewing. To complete all these tasks, seven function modules have been developed, namely the production and management of tasks, data browsing, data collection, data synchronization, data checking and review, user management, and a database. The key technologies of the field-data acquisition system for the ecological environment include a mechanism for running the system, data access method, and mobile database technology. These three key technologies are described as follows. The system uses the application (APP) mechanism for running applications because it can take advantage of terminal hardware resources fully and support more comprehensive and abundant functions of the GIS. The system uses mixed mobile data collection modes; online and offline modes are used in line with the network condition. SQLite is used by the mobile database of the system; in addition, the system uses many types of mechanism such as an automatic backup, manual staging, and multiple checking. The system is developed using C# and Java, the database environment of which is an SQL Server 2008 database developed using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008. All designed system functions are realized, including positioning, data collection and data inputting, data verification, data checking, data uploading, and data exporting. The system is applied in the validation of land-cover types in field work and the measuring of ecological system parameters. The application results show that the system realizes the digital collection, intelligent examination, real-time transmission and effective management of field-survey data, simplifies filling programs, standardizes filling content, and improves work efficiency. The system will thus provide effective support for performing similar work in the future.